La jaquetia de la comunidad judía de Melilla en el siglo XXIentre remanentes léxicos, la intimidad e Israel. Aproximación aplicada a una etnovariedad desde la sociolingüística cognitiva y su relación con la percepción

Zusammenfassung

The thesis presents a lexicographical proposal in Haketia (ethnovariety of the Judeo-Spanish) containing the lexicon which the Jewish community of Melilla includes in its speech between 2014 and 2017. This proposal has been elaborated combining the data obtained in field interviews and questionnaires carried out to the members of this community and their descendants and related who reside in the city, in the rest of Spain or abroad, especially in Israel (chapters II and III). The central theoretical framework is based on cognitive sociolinguistics and the broad applied possibilities offered by the current for the study of ethnovarieties. The thesis similarly relates the speech of the ethnic groups with the perception and the incidence of this in the speakers and the academy. As a novelty, several modular data collections are used to reinforce the information in the different phases of the process. Likewise, the study has a considerable relation with anthropology and ethnography, relating some indicators of these sciences with the linguistic production of the speakers (chapter I). The role of Haketia in the academy and in the Spanish language policy towards it are presented. Afterwards, the main observed features and linguistic phenomena are counted and analysed and then, these are related to other ethnovarieties to compare the similarity of patterns in terms of the evolution and/or obsolescence of the Haketia. At the same time, we are contributing to present an innovative approach for future studies on minority languages (chapters I, III and IV). The originality of the work resides in the communicative line on an oral speech that in its extinction stage is even standardizing its writing through private messages of WhatsApp and Facebook. On the other hand, it is shown an intracommunity use connected to the intimacy of the speakers not presented previously for the ethnovarieties, since normally these are associated to humour in the case of the Haketia or the delinquency regarding Calo, the gypsy speech (chapters I and IV). The study tries to solve the apparent antonymy between what the Haketia of Melilla is, that is to say, energy, production, use, cultural variety or ethnovariety; and what linguists and speakers, here informants, believe it to be as a result of their research and perceptions respectively (chapter IV). Finally, we introduce the extra-linguistic phenomena related to speech and the evolution of this in the community of descendants in Israel and the convergence of their Haketia to Hebrew and Spanish and divergence of the Arab element (chapter IV).