Emotional cuing to test attentional network functioning in trait anxiety

  1. Consolación Gómez-Íñiguez 1
  2. Luis J. Fuentes 2
  3. Francisco Martínez-Sánchez 2
  4. Guillermo Campoy 2
  5. Pedro R. Montoro 3
  6. Francisco Palmero 1
  1. 1 Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.
  2. 2 Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
  3. 3 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain.
Mostrar afiliaciones +
Revista:
Psicológica: Revista de metodología y psicología experimental

ISSN: 1576-8597

Año de publicación: 2014

Volumen: 35

Número: 2

Páginas: 309-329

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psicológica: Revista de metodología y psicología experimental

Resumen

El test de las redes atencionales (Attention Networks Test, ANT) ha sido muy utilizado para evaluar las tres redes atencionales propuestas por Posner y colaboradores. Aquí presentamos una versión del ANT que utiliza palabras cargadas emocionalmente como señales de orientación de la atención para evaluar el funcionamiento de las redes atencionales y sus interacciones. Estudiantes universitarios participaron en la tarea y los resultados replicaron aquellos obtenidos en estudios previos con la versión original del test. Aquellos participantes con puntuaciones extremas en la escala de ansiedad rasgo, STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory) fueron asignados al grupo de baja o alta ansiedad. El grupo de alta ansiedad mostró patrones normales de funcionamiento en las tres redes atencionales, pero las señales con carga emocional negativa modularon la interacción entre la red de orientación y la red ejecutiva. Concretamente, mostraron un déficit en el ajuste del foco atencional para abarcar justo la región espacial que contenía el estímulo objetivo, afectando a la resolución del conflicto en los ensayos incongruentes.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Amir, N., Elias, J., Klumpp, H., & Przeworski, A. (2003). Attentional bias to threat in social phobia: Facilitated processing of threat or difficulty disengaging attention from threat? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1325-1335.
  • Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 1-24.
  • Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1997). An information processing model of anxiety: Automatic and strategic processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 49-58.
  • Bishop, S. J. (2009). Trait anxiety and impoverished prefrontal control of attention (2009). Nature Neuroscience, 12(1), 92-98.
  • Bishop, S. J., Jenkins, R., & Lawrence, A. (2007). The neural processing of task-irrelevant fearful faces: Effects of perceptual load and individual differences in trait and state anxiety. Cerebral Cortex. 17, 1595-603.
  • Botvinick, M. M., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychological Review, 108, 624-652.
  • Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., & Lee, S. (1997). Attentional biases for negative information in induced and naturally occurring dysphoria. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 911-927.
  • Broomfield, N. M., & Turpin, G. (2005). Covert and overt attention in trait anxiety: A cognitive psychophysiological analysis. Biological Psychology, 68, 179-200.
  • Buckner, J. D., Maner, J.K., & Schmidt, N. B. (2010). Difficulty disengaging attention from social threat in social anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(1), 99-105. doi:10.1007/s10608-008-9205-y.
  • Bush, G., Luu, P., & Posner, M. I. (2000). Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends in Cognitive Science, 4, 215-222.
  • Callejas, A., Lupiáñez, J., Funes, M. J., & Tudela, P. (2005). Modulations among the alerting, orienting and executive control networks. Experimental Brain Research, 167, 27-37.
  • Callejas, A., Lupiáñez, J., & Tudela, P. (2004). The three attentional networks: On their independence and interactions. Brain and Cognition, 54, 225-227.
  • Derryberry, D., & Reid, M. A. (2002). Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 225-236.
  • Drevets, W. C., & Raichle, M. E. (1998). Reciprocal suppression of regional blood flow during emotional versus higher cognitive processes: Implications for interactions between emotion and cognition. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 353-385.
  • Eriksen, B. A., & Eriksen, C. W. (1974). Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Perception and Psychophysics, 16, 143-149.
  • Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7, 336-353.
  • Fan, J., Flombaum, J. I., McCandliss, B. D., Thomas, K. M., & Posner, M. I. (2003). Cognitive and brain consequences of conflict. NeuroImage, 18, 42-57.
  • Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Fossella, J., Flombaum, J. I., & Posner, M. I. (2005). The activation of attentional networks. NeuroImage, 26, 471-479.
  • Fan, J., Gu, X., Guise, K.G., Liu, X., Fossella, J., Wangc, H., & Posner, M.I. (2009). Testing the behavioral interaction and integration of attentional networks. Brain and Cognition, 70, 209-220. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2009.02.002
  • Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Sommer, T., Raz, A., & Posner, M. I. (2002). Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 340-347.
  • Fossella, J., Sommer, T., Fan, J., Wu, Y., Swanson, J. M., Pfaff, D. W., & Posner, M. I. (2002). Assessing the molecular genetics of attention networks. BioMed Central Neuroscience, 3, 14.
  • Fox, E., Russo, R., Bowles, R., & Dutton, K. (2001). Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 681-700.
  • Fox, E., Russo, R., & Dutton, K. (2002). Attentional bias for threat: Evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 16, 335-379.
  • Fuentes, L. J. (2004). Inhibitory processing in the attentional networks. In Posner M. I. (Ed.), Cognitive neuroscience of attention. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Fuentes, L. J., & Campoy, G. (2008). The time course of alerting effect over orienting in the attention network test. Experimental Brain Research, 185, 667-672.
  • Fuentes, L. J., Vivas, A. B., & Humphreys, G. W. (1999). Inhibitory mechanisms of attentional networks: Spatial and semantic inhibitory processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25, 1114-1126.
  • Jha, A. P., Krompinger, J., & Baime, M. J. (2007). Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 109-119.
  • Klumpp, H., & Amir, N. (2009). Examination of vigilance and disengagement of threat in social anxiety with a probe detection task. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 22(3), 283-96.
  • Koster, E. H. W., Crombez, G., Verschuere, B., & de Houwer, J. (2004). Selective attention to threat in the dot probe paradigm: Differentiating vigilance and difficulty to disengage. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1183-1192.
  • LaBerge, D. (1983). Spatial extent of attention to letters and words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 9, 371-379.
  • LaBerge, D., & Buchsbaum, M. S. (1990). Positron emission tomographic measurements of pulvinar activity during an attention task. Journal of Neuroscience, 10, 613-619.
  • Losier, B. J. W., & Klein, R. (2001). A review of the evidence for a disengage deficit following parietal damage. Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 25, 1-13.
  • MacDonald, A. W., Cohen, J. D., Stenger, V. A., & Carter, C. S. (2000). Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control. Science, 288, 1835-1838.
  • MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163-203.
  • Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (1998). A cognitive model of selective processing in anxiety. Cognitive Therapy Research, 22, 539-560.
  • Moser, J. S., Becker, M. W., & Moran, T. P. (2012). Enhanced attentional capture in trait anxiety. Emotion, 12(2), 213-216.
  • Öhman, A. (1997). As fast as the blink of an eye: Evolutionary preparedness for preattentive processing of threat. In P. J. Lang, R. F. Simons, & M. T. Balaban (Eds.), Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 165-184). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Öhman, A., Flykt, A., & Esteves, F. (2001). Emotion drives attention: Detecting the snake in the grass. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 466-478.
  • Öhman, A., & Mineka, S. (2001). Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning. Psychological Review, 108(3), 483-522.
  • Pacheco-Unguetti, A. P., Acosta, A., Callejas, A., & Lupiáñez, J. (2010). Attention and anxiety: Different attentional functioning under state and trait anxiety. Psychological Science, 21(2), 298-304.
  • Pacheco-Unguetti, A. P., Acosta, A., Marqués, E., & Lupiáñez, J. (2011). Alterations of the attentional networks in patients with anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 888-895.
  • Pacheco-Unguetti, A. P., Lupiáñez, J., & Acosta, A., (2009). Atención y ansiedad: relaciones de la alerta y el control cognitivo con la ansiedad rasgo. Psicológica, 30, 1-25.
  • Posner, M. I. (1980). Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 3-25.
  • Posner, M. I. (1994). Attention: The mechanisms of consciousness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 91, 7398-7403
  • Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990). The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13, 25-42
  • Posner, M. I., & Raichle, M. E. (1994). Images of mind. New York: Scientific American Library.
  • Redondo, J., Fraga, I., Comesaña, M., & Perea, M. (2005). Estudio normativo del valor afectivo de 478 palabras españolas [Normative study of the affective valence of 478 Spanish words]. Psicológica, 26, 317-326.
  • Roberts, K. L., Summerfield, A. Q., & Hall, D. A. (2006). Presentation modality influences behavioral measures of alerting, orienting, and executive control. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12, 485-492.
  • Roca, J., Fuentes, L. J., Marotta, A., López-Ramón, M. F., Castro, C., Lupiáñez, J., & Martella, D. (2012). The effects of sleep deprivation on the attentional functions and vigilance. Acta Psychologica, 140, 164-176.
  • Rueda, M. R., Fan, J., McCandliss, B., Halparin, J. D., Gruber, D. B., Pappert, L., & Posner, M. I. (2004). Development of attentional networks in childhood. Neuropsychologia, 42, 1029-1040.
  • Salemink, E., van den Hout, M. A., & Kindt, M. (2007). Selective attention and threat: Quick orienting versus slow disengagement and two versions of the dot probe task. Behaviour Research Therapy, 45, 607-615.
  • Spielberger, C. D. (1983). Manual for the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Tang, Y-Y., Ma, Y., Wang, J., Fan, Y., Feng, S., Lu, Q., Yu, Q., Sui, D., Rothbart, M. K., Fan, M., & Posner, M. I. (2007). Short-term meditation training improves attention and self-regulation. Proceedings of the National Academic of Sciences, 104, 17152-17156.
  • Theeuwes, J. (2010). Top-down and bottom-up control of visual selection. Acta Psychologica, 135, 77-99. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.02.006
  • Weinbach, N., & Henik, A. (2012). The relationship between alertness and executive control. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38(6), 1530-1540.
  • Williams, J. M. G., Watts, F. N., MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1997). Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders (2nd, edition). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
  • Yiend, J. (2010). The effects of emotion on attention: A review of attentional processing of emotional information. Cognition and Emotion, 24(1), 3-47.
  • Yiend, J., & Mathews, A. (2001). Anxiety and attention to threatening pictures. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 54, 665-681.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet