La alienación en Freud y Marx

Résumé

Marx and Freud gave a great importance to the principle of "ananké" and to the essential conflict between mankind and civilisation. Both of them were very interested in the problem of human alienation. Marx found its origin in the alienated work beneath the capitalist production system. Freud discovered its causes in the repression and in the defensive neurosis of the ego. Both authors criticised the illusory character of religion. However, the solution suggested by these thinkers are very different. Freud is a liberal reformer who is expecting individual changes, and Marx is a radical revolutionary who uphold the social changes. Both of them were humanist, but Freud didn't consider history. The inheritance that these philosophers bequeathed was reinterpreted in different ways and there were many other philosophers who tried to complete Marxism with psychoanalysis, because they thought that the only way to solve the problem of alienation was to find a global theory.