Personalidad y percepción de autoeficaciainfluencia sobre el bienestar y el afrontamiento de los problemas de salud

  1. Rueda, Beatriz
  2. Pérez García, Ana María
Revista:
Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica

ISSN: 1136-5420

Año de publicación: 2004

Volumen: 9

Número: 3

Páginas: 205-219

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5944/RPPC.VOL.9.NUM.3.2004.3980 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica

Resumen

Esta investigación examinó el papel que desempeñan la personalidad y determinados factores psicosociales en relación con criterios de salud (bienestar, satisfacción y conductas preventivas), y el afrontamiento ante los problemas de salud. Ciento setenta y tres participantes completaron medidas de los Cinco Factores, Percepción de Autoeficacia Generalizada (AEG) y Competencia Percibida en Salud (CPS), junto con criterios de salud y afrontamiento. Los resultados mostraron que los rasgos se conectaron más con la satisfacción, mientras que AEG y CPS se vincularon más estrechamente con las conductas preventivas y el bienestar, respectivamente. Asimismo los rasgos dieron cuenta de una mayor varianza del afrontamiento instrumental y emocional, en comparación con AEG y CPS. Sin embargo CPS fue el principal predictor de estos dos tipos de afrontamiento. Estos resultados sugieren que la consideración conjunta de las dimensiones de personalidad y los factores psicosociales permite clarificar su utilidad predictiva en el campo de la salud.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Baessler, J., y Schwarzer, R. (1996). Evaluación de la autoeficacia: adaptación española de la escala de autoeficacia general. Ansiedad y Estrés, 2, 1-8.
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioural change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215
  • Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44, 1175-1184.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
  • Barbaranelli, C, y Caprara, V.G. (2002). Studies of the Big Five Questionnaire. En B. de Raad y M. Perugini (Eds.), Big Five Assessment (pp.108-128). Seattle: Hogrefe and Huber Publishers
  • Bermúdez, J. (1999). Personality and health-protective behaviour. European Journal of Personality, 13, 83-103.
  • Bonetti, D., Johnston, M., Rodríguez-Marín, J., Pastor, M.A., Martín-Aragón, M., Doherty, E., y Sheehan, K. (2001). Dimensions of perceived control: A factor analysis of three measures and an examination of their relation to activity level and mood in a student and cross-cultural patient sample. Psychology and Health, 16, 655-674.
  • Booth-Kewley S., y Vickers, R.R.Jr. (1994). Associations between major domains of personality and health behavior. Journal of Personality, 60, 281-298.
  • Bouchard, G., Guillemette, A., y Landry-Léger, N. (2004). Situational and dispositional coping: An examination of their relation to personality, cognitive appraisals, and psychological distress. European Journal of Personality, 18, 221-238.
  • Cantor, N. (1990). From thought to behaviour: «Having» and «Doing» in the study of personality and cognition. American Psycho-logist, 45, 735-750.
  • Caprara, G.V., Barbaranelli, C, y Borgogni, L. (1995). BFQ-Cuestionario «Big-Five». Madrid: TEA Ediciones. (Adaptación española de J. Bermúdez)
  • Caprara, G.V., Barbaranelli, C, Borgogni, L., y Perugini, M. (1993). The «Big Five Questionnaire»: A new questionnaire to assess the five factor modal. Personality and Individual Di fferences, 15, 281-288.
  • Carver, C.S., Scheier, M.F., y Weintraub, J.K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56, 267-283.
  • Conner, M., y Abraham, C. (2001). Conscientiousness and the Theory of Planned Behavior: Toward a more complete model of antecedents of intentions and behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1547-1561.
  • Cooper, H., Okamura, L., y McNeil, P. (1995). Situation and personality correlates of psychological well-being: Social activity and personal control. Journal of Research in Personality, 29, 305-417.
  • Chang, E.C. (1998). Dispositional optimism and primary and secondary appraisal of a stressor: ControUing for confounding influences and relations to coping and psychological and physical adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1109-1120.
  • DeNeve, K.M., y Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197-229
  • Diener, E. (1996). Ttaits can be powerful, but are not enough: Lessons from subjective well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 30, 389-399.
  • Emmons, R.A., y Diener, E. (1985). Personality of correlates of subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 11,89-97.
  • Endler, N.S., y Parker, J.D.A. (1999). Coping with Health Injuries and Problems (CHIP): Manual. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
  • Endler, N.S., Courbasson, C.M.A., y Fillion, L. (1998). Coping with cáncer: The evidence for the temporal stability of the French-Canadian versión of the coping with health injuries and problem (CHIP). Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 711-717.
  • Endler, N.S., Kocovski, S., y Macrodimitris, S.D. (2001). Coping, efficacy, and perceived control in acute vs. chronic illness. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 617-625.
  • Endler, N.S., Parker, J.D.A., y Summerfeldt, L.J. (1993). Coping with health problems: Conceptual and methodological issues. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 25, 384-399.
  • Endler, N.S., Parker, J.D.A., y Summerfeldt, L.J. (1998). Coping with health problems: Developing a reliable and valid multidi-mensional measvire. Psychological Assessment, 10,195-205.
  • Ferguson, E. (2001). Personality and coping traits: A joint factor analysis. British Journal of Health Psychology, 6, 311-325.
  • Folkman, S. (1984). Personal control and stress and coping processes. A theoretical analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 839-852.
  • Gebhardt, W.A., van der Doef, M.P., y Paul, L.B. (2001). The revised health hardiness inventory (RHHI-24): Psychometric properties and relationship with self-reported health and health behavior in two Dutch samples. Health Education Research, 16, 579-592
  • John, O.P. (1990). The «Big Five» factor taxonomy. Dimensions of personality in the natural language and in questionnaires. En L.A. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (pp. 66-100). New York: The Guilford Press
  • Judge, T.A., Erez, A., Bono, J.E., y Thoresen, C.J. (2002). Are measures of self-esteem, neiu'oticism, locus of control, and generalized self-efficacy indicators of a common core construct? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 693-710.
  • Lazarus, R.S., y Folkman, S. (1987). Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping. European Journal of Personality, 1, 141-169.
  • Legander, A., y Kraft, P. (2003). Control constructs: Do they medíate the relation between educational attainment and health behaviour? Journal of Health Psychology, 8, 361-372.
  • Lemos-Giráldez, S., y Fidalgo-Aliste, A. (1997). Personality dispositions and health-related habits and attitudes: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Personality, 11, 109-209.
  • Marks, G.R., y Lutgendorf, S.K. (1999). Perceived Health Competence and Personality Factors differentially predict health behaviors in older adults. Journal of Aging and Health, 22,221-239.
  • Marshall, G.N., Wortman, C.B., Vickers, R.R. Jr., Kusulas, J.W., y Hervig, L.K. (1994). The five-factor model of personality as a framework for personality-health research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 278-286
  • Martín-Aragón, M., Pastor, M.A., Lledó, S., López-Roig, M.C., Terol, M.C., y Rodríguez-Marín, J. (2001). Percepción de control en el síndrome fibromiálgico: variables relacionadas. Psicothema, 13, 586-591
  • McCrae, R.R., y Costa, P.T. Jr. (1985). Updating Norman's adequate taxonomy: Intelligence and personality dimensions in natural language and in questiormaires. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 710-721
  • McCrae, R.R., y Costa, P.T. Jr. (1986). Personality, coping, and coping effectiveness in an adult sample. Journal of Personality, 54, 385-405.
  • McCrae, R.R., y Costa, P.T. Jr. (1987). Validation of the Five-Factor model of personality across Instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 81-90.
  • McCrae, R.R., y Costa, P.T. Jr. (1991). Adding liebe und arbeit: The full Five-Factor model and well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 227-232.
  • McCrae, R.R., y Costa, P.T. Jr. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52, 509-516
  • Norman, W.T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factors structure in peer nomination personality ratings. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574-583
  • Pastor. M.A., López-Roig, S., Rodríguez-Marín, ]., Martín-Aragón, M., Terol, M.C., y Pons, N. (1999). Percepción de control, impacto de la enfermedad y ajuste emocional en enfermos crónicos. Ansiedad y Estrés, 5, 299-311.
  • Pavot, W., Diener, E., y Fujita, F. (1990). Extraversión and happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1299-1306.
  • Penley, J.A., y Tomaka, J. (2002). Associations among the Big Five, emotional responses, and coping with acute stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 1215-1228.
  • Prenda, K.M., y Lachman, M.E. (2001). Planning for the future: A Ufe management strategy for increasing control and life satisfaction in adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 16, 206-216.
  • Rueda, B. (2003). Competencia percibida y salud: aproximación general y aplicación a la enfermedad cardiovascular. Tesis doctoral no publicada. Madrid: UNED.
  • Rueda, B., Pérez-García, A.M., y Bermúdez, J. (2003). La salud emocional desde la perspectiva de la competencia percibida. Acción Psicológica, 2, 41-49
  • Ruiz, M.A., y Baca, E. (1993). Design and validation of the «Quality of Life Questionnaire»: A generic health-related Quality of Life Instrument. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 9, 19-32.
  • Sanjuán, P., Pérez-García, A.M., y Bermúdez, J. (2000). Escala de autoeficacia general: datos psicométricos de la adaptación para población española. Psicothema, 12, 509-513.
  • Sanz, A., y Villamarín, F. (1999). Autoeficacia, valor del incentivo y competencia personal: efecto sobre el estado de ánimo, la motivación intrínseca y la activación percibida. Ansiedad y Estrés, 5, 145-160.
  • Schwarzer, R. (1993). Measurement of perceived self-efficacy. Psychometric scales for cross-cultural research. Berlin: Freie Universität.
  • Schwrarzer, R. (1999). Self-regulatory processes in the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors. Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 115-127.
  • Smith, M.S., Wallston, K.A., y Smith, C.A. (1995). The development and validation of the Perceived Health Competence Scale. Health Education Research, 10, 51-64.
  • Smith, T.W., y Williams, P.G. (1992). Personality and health: Advantages and limitations of the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 60, 395-423.
  • Van Heck, G.L. (1997). Personality and physical health: Toward an ecological approach to health-related personality research. European Journal of Personality, 11, 415-443
  • Vollrath, M., y Torgersen, S. (2002). Who takes health risks? A probé into eight personality types. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 1185-1197
  • Vollrath, M., Knoch, D., y Cassano, L. (1999). Personality, risky health behaviour, and perceived susceptibility to health risks. European Journal of Personality, 13, 39-50.
  • Wallston, K.A. (1992). Hocus-pocus, the focus is not strictly on locus: Rotter's social learning theory modified for health. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16,183-199.
  • Wasylkiw, L., y Fekken, C.G. (2002). Personality and self-reported health: Matching predictors and criteria. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 607-620.
  • Watson, D., y Clark, L.A. (1992). Affects separable and inseparable: On the hierarchical arrangement of the negative affects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 489-505.
  • Watson, D., y Hubbard, B. (1996). Adaptational style and dispositional structure: Coping in the context of the Five - Factor Model. Journal of Personality 64, 737-773.
  • Weinstein, N.D. (1993). Testing four competing theories of Health-Protective Behavior. Health Psychology, 12, 324-333
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet