Acerca de la medición de la firmeza frente al delito mediante preguntas únicas. Un análisis de clases latentes

  1. Serrano Maíllo, Alfonso
Revue:
Revista de Derecho Penal y Criminología

ISSN: 1132-9955

Année de publication: 2011

Número: 6

Pages: 295-360

Type: Article

D'autres publications dans: Revista de Derecho Penal y Criminología

Références bibliographiques

  • AGRESTI, A. 2002. Categorical data analysis, 2.ª ed. hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • AGRESTI, A. 2010. Analysis of ordinal categorical data, 2.ª ed. hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • ALLISoN, P. D. 2002. Missing data. Thousand oaks, Ca. [etc.]: Sage.
  • ALWIN, D. F. 1992. «Information transmission in the survey interview: number of response categories and the reliability of attitude measurement». Sociological Methodology, 22, 83-118.
  • ALWIN, D. F. 2007. Margins of error. A study of reliability in survey measurement. hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • ANDERSoN, C. y J. K. VERMUNT. 2000. «Log-multiplicative association models as latent variable models for nominal and/or ordinal data». Sociological Metho dology, 30, 81-122.
  • BASILEVSKy, A. 1994. Statistical factor analysis and related methods. Theory and applications. New york [etc.]: John Wiley and sons.
  • BIEMER, P. P. 2001. Apuntes de cátedra. Inéditos.
  • BIEMER, P. P, 2004. «Modeling measurement error to identify flawed questions». Pp. 225-246 en Methods for testing and evaluating survey questionnaires (S. PRESSER et al. eds.). hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • BIEMER, P. P, 2011. Latent class analysis of survey error. hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • BIEMER, P. P. y C. L. ChRIST. 2008. «Weighting survey data». Pp. 317- 341 en International Handbook of survey methodology (E. D. DE LEEUW et al. eds.). New york y London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • BILLIET, J. y G. LooSVELDT. 1988. «Improvement of the quality of responses to factual survey questions by interviewer training». Public Opinion Quarterly, 52, 190-211.
  • BLUMSTEIN, A., M. ToNRy y A. VAN NESS. 2005. «Cross-national measures of punitiveness». Crime and Justice, 33 Crime and punishment in Western countries, 1980-1999, 347-376.
  • BöCKENhoLT, U. 2002. «Comparison and choice. Analyzing discrete preference data by latent class scaling models». Pp. 163-182 en Applied latent class analysis (J. A. hAGENAARS y A. L. MCCUTChEoN eds.). Cambridge [etc.]: Cambridge University Press.
  • BoLLEN, K. A. 1989. Structural equations with latent variables. New york [etc.]: John Wiley and sons.
  • BRAIThWAITE, J. 1979. Inequality, crime, and public policy. London [etc.]: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  • bRILLoN, y. 1988. «Punitiveness, status and ideology in three Canadian provinces». Pp. 84-110 en Public attitudes to sentencing. Surveys from five countries (N. WALKER y M. hoUGh eds.). Aldeshot [etc.]: Gower.
  • BRITT, C. L. 1994. «Versatility». Pp. 173-192 en The generality of deviance (T. hIRSChI y M. R. GoTTFREDSoN eds.). New brunswick, NJ y London: Transaction Publishers.
  • BRoWN, E. K. 2006. «The dog that did not bark: punitive social views and the “professional middle classes”». Punishment and Society, 2006, 287-312.
  • CALLANAN, V. J. 2005. Feeding the fear of crime. Crime-related media and support of three strikes. New york: LFb.
  • CAMPANELLI, P. 2008. «Testing survey questions». Pp. 176-200 en International Handbook of survey methodology (E. D. DE LEEUW et al. eds.). New york y London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • CESARoNI, C. y A. N. Doob. 2003. «The decline in support for penal welfarism. Evidence of support among the elite for punitive segregation». British Journal of Criminology, 43, 434-441.
  • CLARKE, h. D. y A. L. MCCUTChEoN. 2009. «The dynamics of party identification reconsidered». Public Opinion Quarterly, 73, 704- 728.
  • CLoGG, C. C. y W. D. MANNING. 1996. «Assessing reliability of categorical measurements using latent class models». Pp. 169-182 en Categorical variables in developmental research. Methods and analysis (A. VoN EyE y C. C. CLoGG eds.). San Diego, Ca. [etc.]: Academic Press.
  • CoChRAN, W. G. 1977. Sampling techniques, 3.ª ed. New york [etc.]: John Wiley and sons.
  • CoLLINS, L. M. y S. T. LANzA. 2010. Latent class and latent transition analysis with applications in the social, behavioral, and health sciences. hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • CoNRAD, F. G., M. F. SChobER y W. DIJKSTRA. 2008. «Cues of communication difficulty in telephone interviews». Pp. 212-230 en Advances in telephone survey methodology (J. M. LEPKoWSKI et al. eds.). hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • CRooN, M. 2002. «ordering the classes». Pp. 137-162 en Applied latent class analysis (J. A. hAGENAARS y A. L. MCCUTChEoN eds.). Cambridge [etc.]: Cambridge University Press.
  • CULLEN, F. T., b. S. FIShER y b. K. APPLEGATE. 2000. «Public opinion about punishment and corrections». Crime and Justice, 27, 1-79.
  • CULLEN, F. T., J. D. UNNEVER, K. R. bLEVINS, J. A. PEALER, S. A. SANTANA, b. S. FIShER y b. K. APPLEGATE. 2009. «The myth of public support for capital punishment». Pp. 73-95 en Public opinion and criminal justice (J. WooD y T. GANNoN eds.). Cullompton: Willan.
  • DAyToN, C. M. 1998. Latent class scaling analysis. Thousand oaks, Ca. [etc.]: Sage.
  • DEMING, W. E. [1960] 1990. Sample design in business research. New york [etc.]: John Wiley and sons.
  • DEVELLIS, R. F. 2003. Scale development. Theory and applications, 2.ª ed. Thousand oaks, Ca. [etc.]: Sage.
  • DEVILLE, J.-C. 1991. «A theory of quota surveys». Survey Methodology, 17, 163-181.
  • DohERTy, M. 1994. «Probability versus non-probability sampling in sample surveys». The New Zealand Statistics Review, marzo, 21-28.
  • D’UNGER, A. V., K. C. LAND, P. MCCALL y D. S. NAGIN. 1998. «how many latent classes of delinquent/criminal careers? Results from mixed poisson regression analysis of the London, Philadelphia, and Racine cohorts studies». American Journal of Sociology, 103, 1593-1630.
  • DUNTEMAN, G. h. 1989. Principal components analysis. Newbury Park, Ca. [etc.]: Sage.
  • EMbRETSoN, S. E. y S. P. REISE. 2000. Item response theory for psychologists. Mahwah, NJ y London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • ENDERS, C. K. 2006. «Analyzing structural equation models with missing data». Pp. 315-344 en Structural equation modeling. A second course (G. R. hANCoCK y R. o. MUELLER eds.). Greenwich, CT: IAP.
  • FERNáNDEz MoLINA, E. y P. TARANCóN GóMEz. 2010. «Populismo punitivo y delincuencia juvenil: mito o realidad». Revista Electrónica de Ciencia penal y Criminología, 12-08, 1-25.
  • FINNEy, S. J. y C. DISTEFANo. 2006. «Nonnormal and categorical data in structural equation modeling». Pp. 269-314 en Structural equation modeling. A second course (G. R. hANCoCK y R. o. MUELLER eds.). Greenwich, CT: IAP.
  • FoRSyTh, b., J. M. RoThGEb y G. b. WILLIS. 2004. «Does pretesting make a difference? An experimental test». Pp. 525-546 en Methods for testing and evaluating survey questionnaires (S. PRESSER et al. eds.). hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • FoWLER, F. J. 1995. Improving survey questions. Design and evaluation. Thousand oaks, Ca. [etc.]: Sage.
  • FoWLER, F. J., 2002. Survey research methods, 3.ª ed. Thousand oaks, Ca. [etc.]: Sage.
  • FoWLER, F. J. y T. W. MANGIoNE. 1990. Standardized survey interviewing. Minimazing interviewer-related error. Newbury Park [etc.]: Sage.
  • GANNINGER, M. 2011. By pure chance. The merits of probability sampling. Conferencia pronunciada en el RECSM, barcelona, inédita.
  • GooDMAN, L. A. 2002. «Latent class analysis: the empirical study of latent types, latent variables, and latent structures». Pp. 3-55 en Applied latent class analysis (J. A. hAGENAARS y A. L. MCCUTChEoN eds.). Cambridge [etc.]: Cambridge University Press.
  • GoNzáLEz SáNChEz, I. 2010. «El modo telefónico en las encuestas de victimización» Revista de Derecho penal y Criminología, 4, 249-269.
  • GRoVES, R. M. y M. P. CoUPER. 1998. Nonresponse in household interview surveys. New york [etc.]: John Wiley and sons.
  • GRoVES, R. M., F. J. FoWLER, M. P. CoUPER, J. M. LEPKoWSKI, E. SINGER y R. ToURANGEAU. 2004. Survey methodology. hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • HAGENAARS, J. A. 1990. Categorical longitudinal data: log-linear panel, trend, and cohort. Newbury Park, Ca.: Sage.
  • HANSEN, S. E. y M. P. CoUPER. 2004. «Usability testing to evaluate computer-assisted instruments». Pp. 337-360 en Methods for testing and evaluating survey questionnaires (S. PRESSER et al. eds.). hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • HARKNESS, J., b.-E. PENNELL y A. SChoUA-GLUSbERG. 2004. «Survey questionnaire translation and assessment». Pp. 453-473 en Methods for testing and evaluating survey questionnaires (S. PRESSER et al. eds.). hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • HARTNAGEL, T. F. y L. TEMPLEToN. 2008. «Perceptions, emotions and experiences of crime: effects on attitudes toward punishment in a Canadian sample». Pp. 349-370 en Fear of crime – Punitivity. New developments in theory and research (h. KURy ed.). bochum: Universitätsverlag Dr. N. brockmeyer.
  • HATTIE, J. 1984. «An empirical study of various índices for determining unidimensionality». Multivariate Behavioral Research, 19, 49-78.
  • HATTIE, J. 1985. «Methodology review: assessing unidimensionality of tests and items». Psychological Measurement, 9, 139-164.
  • VAN DER HEIJDEN, P. G. M., L. A. VAN DER ARK y A. MooIJAART. 2002. «Some examples of latent budget analysis and its extensions». Pp. 107-136 en Applied latent class analysis (J. A. hAGENAARS y A. L. MCCUTChEoN eds.). Cambridge [etc.]: Cambridge University Press.
  • HEINEN, T. 1996. Latent class and discrete latent trait models. Similarities and differences. Thousand oaks, Ca. [etc.]: Sage.
  • hoX, J. J. 2008. «Accomodating measurement errors». Pp. 387-402 en International Handbook of survey methodology (E. D. DE LEEUW et al. eds.). New york y London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • KALSbEEK, W. D. y R. P. AGANS. 2008. «Sampling and weighting in household telephone surveys». Pp. 29-55 en Advances in telephone survey methodology (J. M. LEPKoWSKI et al. eds.). hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • KAPLAN, D. 2009. Structural equation modeling. Foundations and extensions, 2.ª ed. Los Angeles, Ca.: Sage.
  • KEIL, T. J. y G. F. VITo. 1991. «Fear of crime and attitudes toward capital punishment: a structural equations model». Justice Quarterly, 8, 447-464.
  • KLINE, R. b. 2005. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling, 2.ª ed. New york y London: The Guilford Press.
  • KRUTTSChNITT, C. y R. MACMILLAN. 2006. «The violent victimization of women. A life course perspective». Pp. 139-170 en Gender and crime. Patterns of victimization and offending (K. hEIMER y C. KRUTTSChNITT eds.). New york y London: New york University Press.
  • KUhN, A. 1993. «Attitudes towards punishment». Pp. 271-288 en Understanding crime experiences of crime and crime control (A. ALVAzzI DEL FRATE et al. eds.). Roma: UNICRI.
  • KUhN, A. 2002. «Public and judicial attitudes to punishment in Switzerland». Pp. 115-127 en Changing attitudes to punishment. Public opinion, crime and justice (J. V. RobERTS y M. hoUGh eds.). Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
  • KURy, h. y J. obERGFELL-FUChS. 2008. «Methodological problems in measuring attitudes to punishment (punitivity)». Pp. 277-302 en Fear of crime – Punitivity. New developments in theory and research (h. KURy ed.). bochum: Universitätsverlag Dr. N. brockmeyer.
  • KURy, h. y E. PUTKARADzE. 2009. «Attitudes to punishment in Georgia. Results from a student survey». Ponencia presentada al Congreso Anual de la European Society of Criminology. Inédito.
  • KURy, h., U. DöRMANN, h. RIChTER y M. WüRGER. 1996. Opfererfahrungen und Meinungen zur Inneren Sicherheit in Deutschland. Ein empirischer Vergleich von Viktimisierungen, Anzeigeverhalten und Sicherheitseinschätzung in Ost und West vor der Vereinigung. Wiesbaden: bundeskriminalamt.
  • KURy, h., J. obERGFELL-FUChS y M. WüRGER. 2000. Kriminalität und Einstellung. Ein Vergleich zwischen Ostund Westdeutschland. Freiburg i.br.: MPI.
  • KURy, h., J. obERGFELL-FUChS y M. WüRGER. 2002. Strafeinstellungen. Ein Vergleich zwischen Ostund Westdeutschland. Freiburg i.br.: MPI.
  • KURy, h., J. obERGFELL-FUChS y U. SMARTT. 2002. «The evolution of public attitudes to punishment in Western and Eastern Europe». Pp. 93-114 en Changing attitudes to punishment. Public opinion, crime and justice (J. V. RobERTS y M. hoUGh eds.). Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
  • KURy, h., h. KANIA y J. obERGFELL-FUChS. 2004. «Worüber sprechen wir, wenn wir über Punitivität sprechen? Versuch einer konzeptionellen und empirischen begriffsbestimmung». Kriminologisches Journal, 36, 51-88.
  • KURy, h., T. N. FERDINAND y J. obERGFELL-FUChS. 2008. «Punitivity in Germany: attitudes to punishment, sentencing, and prison rates». Pp. 107-137 en International perspectives on punitivity (h. KURy y T. N. FERDINAND eds.). bochum: Universitätsverlag brockmeyer.
  • KUTATELADzE, b. 2011. «Measuring State punitiveness in the United States». Pp. 151-179 en Punitivity. International developments, 1 Punitiveness – a global phenomenon? (h. KURy y E. ShEA eds.). bochum: Universitätsverlag Dr. brockmeyer.
  • KUUSELA, V., M. CALLEGARo y V. VEhoVAR. 2008. «The influence of mobile telephones on telephone surveys». Pp. 87-112 en Advances in telephone survey methodology (J. M. LEPKoWSKI et al. eds.). hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • LANGEhEIME, R., J. PANNEKoEK y F. VAN DE PoL. 1996. «bootstrapping goodness-of-fit measures in categorical data analysis». Sociological Methods and Research, 24, 492-516.
  • LAVRAKAS, P. J. 1993. Telephone survey methods. Sampling, selection, and supervision, 2.ª ed. Newbury Park, Ca. [etc.]: Sage.
  • LESSLER, J. T., J. EyERMAN y K. WANG. 2008. «Interviewer training». Pp. 442-460 en International Handbook of survey methodology (E. D. DE LEEUW et al. eds.). New york y London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • LI, W. y D. R. NyhoLT. 2001. «Marker selection by Akaike information criterion and bayesian information criterion». Genetic Epidemiology, 21, Suplemento 1, S272-S277.
  • LoNG, J. S. 1997. Regression models for categorical and limited dependent variables. Thousand oaks, Ca. [etc.]: Sage.
  • MAyhEW, P. y J. VAN KESTEREN. 2002. «Cross-national attitudes to punishment». Pp. 63-92 en Changing attitudes to punishment. Public opinion, crime and justice (J. V. RobERTS y M. hoUGh eds.). Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
  • MCCUTChEoN, A. L. 1987. Latent class analysis. Newbury Park, Ca. [etc.]: Sage.
  • MCCUTChEoN, A. L. 2002. «basic concepts and procedures in singleand multiplegroup latent class analysis». Pp. 56-85 en Applied latent class analysis (J. A. hAGENAARS y A. L. MCCUTChEoN eds.). Cambridge [etc.]: Cambridge University Press.
  • MCCUTChEoN, A. L. y J. A. hAGENAARS. 1997. «Comparative social research with multi-sample latent class models». Pp. 266-277 en Applications of latent trait and latent class models in the social sciences (J. RoST y R. LANGEhEINE eds.). Münster [etc.]: Waxman.
  • MCCUTChEoN, A. L. y C. MILLS. 1998. «Categorical data analysis: log-linear and latent class models». Pp. 71-94 en Research strategies in the social sciences. A guide to new approaches (E. SCARbRoUGh y E. TANENbAUM eds.). oxford: oxford University Press.
  • MUThÉN, L. K. y b. o. MUThÉN. 2010. Mplus user’s guide, 6.ª ed. Los Angeles, Ca.: Muthén and Muthén.
  • NAGIN, D. S . 2005. Group-based modeling of development. Cambridge, Mass. y London: harvard University Press.
  • NELLIS, A. M. y J. P. LyNCh. 2008. «Crime, fear, and the demand for punishment in the United States». Pp. 33-54 en International perspectives on punitivity (h. KURy y T. N. FERDINAND eds.). bochum: Universitätsverlag brockmeyer.
  • PoWERS, D. A. y y. XIE. 2000. Statistical methods for categorical data analysis. San Diego, Ca. [etc.]: Academic Press.
  • RAbE-hESKETh, S. y A. SKRoNDAL. 2001. «Parameterization of multivariate random effects models for categorical data». Biometrics, 57, 1256-1264.
  • REEVE, b. b. y L. C. MâSSE. 2004. «Item response theory modeling of questionnaire evaluation». Pp. 247-273 en Methods for testing and evaluating survey questionnaires (S. PRESSER et al. eds.). hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • RIEDEL, M. 2000. Research strategies for secondary data. A perspective for Criminology and Criminal Justice. Thousand oaks, Ca.: Sage.
  • RobbERS, M. 2006. «Tough-mindedness and fair play: personality traits as predictors of attitudes toward the death penalty – an exploratory gendered study». Punishment and Society, 8, 203-222.
  • RohNE, h.-C. 2008. «Conceptualizing punitiveness from a victims’ perspective – Findings in the context of the Al-Aqsa intifada». Pp. 161-186 en International perspectives on punitivity (h. KURy y T. N. FERDINAND eds.). bochum: Universitätsverlag brockmeyer.
  • RUDAS, T. 2002. «A latent class approach to measuring the fit of a statistical model». Pp. 345-365 en Applied latent class analysis (J. A. hAGENAARS y A. L. MCCUTChEoN eds.). Cambridge [etc.]: Cambridge University Press.
  • SACCo, P., K. K. bUChoLz, E. L. SPITzNAGEL. 2009. «Alcohol use among older adults in the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions: a latent class analysis». Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 70, 829-838.
  • SECRET, P. E. y J. b. JohNSoN. 1989. «Racial differences in attitudes toward crime control». Journal of Criminal Justice, 17, 361-375.
  • SERRANo MAíLLo, A. 2006. «Punitivität und Gesetzgebung: Die Situation in Spanien». Pp. 245-252 en Kriminalität und Kriminalprävention in Ländern des Umbruchs (h. KURy y E. KARIMoV eds.). bochum: Universitätsverlag brockmeyer.
  • SERRANo MAíLLo, A. 2008. «El problema de los datos perdidos y su tratamiento en los análisis cuantitativos en ciencias sociales. La imputación múltiple». Pp. 157-169 en Procesos de infracción de normas y de reacción a la infracción de normas: dos tradiciones criminológicas. Nuevos estudios en Homenaje al Profesor Alfonso Serrano Gómez (A. SERRANo MAíLLo y J. L. GUzMáN DáLboRA eds.). Madrid: Dykinson.
  • SERRANo MAíLLo, A. 2011. «Actitudes sobre Derechos fundamentales procesal-penales: una dimensión inexplorada de la punitividad. Un análisis de clases latentes». Revista Electrónica de Ciencias penales y Criminología, 13- 05, 1-38.
  • SERRANo MAíLLo, A. y h. KURy. 2008. «Insecurity feelings and punitivity: relationship in a national sample of adolescents and young adults in Spain». Pp. 321-348 en Fear of crime – Punitivity. New developments in theory and research (h. KURy ed.). bochum: Universitätsverlag brockmeyer.
  • SKRoNDAL, A. y S. RAbE-hESKETh. 2004. Generalized latent variable modeling. Multilevel, longitudinal, and structural equation models. boca Raton, FL [etc.]: Chapman and hall/CRC.
  • SKRoNDAL, A. y S. RAbE-hESKETh. 2007. «Latent variable modelling: a survey». Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 34, 712-745.
  • SPECToR, P. E. 1992. Summated rating scale construction. An introduction. Newbury Park, Ca. [etc.]: Sage.
  • SPRoTT, J. b. 1999a. Views of the punishment of youth: the dimensions of punitiveness. Ann Arbor, Mi.: UMI.
  • SPRoTT, J. b. 1999b. «Are members of the public tough on crime?: the dimensions of public “punitiveness”». Journal of Criminal Justice, 27, 467-474.
  • STALANS, L. J. 2002. «Measuring attitudes to sentencing». Pp. 15-32 en Changing attitudes to punishment. Public opinion, crime and justice (J. V. RobERTS y M. hoUGh eds.). Cullompton: Willan Publishing.
  • STEEh, C. 2008. «Telephone surveys». Pp. 221-238 en International Handbook of survey methodology (E. D. DE LEEUW et al. eds.). New york y London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • STEVE, K. W., A. T. bURKS, P. J. LAVRAKAS, K. D. bRoWN y J. b. hooVER. 2008. «Monitoring telephone interviewer performance». Pp. 401-422 en Advances in telephone survey methodology (J. M. LEPKoWSKI et al. eds.). hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • TARNAI, J. y D. L. MooRE. 2008. «Measuring and improving telephone interviewer performance and productivity». Pp. 359-384 en Advances in telephone survey methodology (J. M. LEPKoWSKI et al. eds.). hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • TIMbERLAKE, T. S. 2008. «A latent class analysis of nicotine-dependence criteria and use of alternate tobacco». Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 69, 709-717.
  • ToNRy, M. y D. P. FARRINGToN. 2005. «Punishment and crime across space and time». Crime and Justice, 33 – Crime and punishment in Western countries, 1980-1999, 1-39.
  • TUCKER, C. y J. M. LEPKoWSKI. 2008. «Telephone survey methods: adapting to change». Pp. 3-26 en Advances in telephone survey methodology (J. M. LEPKoWSKI et al. eds.). hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and sons.
  • TyLER, T. y R. WEbER. 1982. «Support for the death penalty; instrumental response to crime, or symbolic attitude?». Law and Society Review, 17, 21-45.
  • UEbERSAX, J. 1993. «Dimension reduction and latent class analysis. A simple method for interpretation of latent class analysis parameters, with possible implications for factor analysis of dichotomous and ordered-category measures». Ponencia presentada al Congreso Anual de la Classification Society of North America. Inédito.
  • UEbERSAX, J. 1997. «Analysis of student problem behaviors with latent trait, latent class, and related probit mixture models». Pp. 188-195 Applications of latent trait and latent class models in the social Sciences (J. RoST y R. LANGEhEINE eds.). New york: Waxman.
  • UEbERSAX, J. 1999. «Probit latent class analysis with dichotomous or ordered category measures: conditional independence/dependence models». Applied Psychological Measurement, 23, 283-297.
  • UEbERSAX, J. 2009. A practical guide to conditional dependence in latent class analysis, última versión. Accesible en <http://www.john-uebersax.com/stat/condep.htm>.
  • UEbERSAX, J. y W. M. GRoVE. 1990. «Latent class analysis of diagnostic agreement». Statistics in Medicine, 9, 559-572.
  • VARoNA GóMEz, D. 2008. «Ciudadanos y actitudes punitivas: un estudio piloto de población universitaria española». Revista Española de Investigación Criminológica, 6-1, 1-38.
  • VARoNA GóMEz, D 2009. «¿Somos los españoles punitivos?: actitudes punitivas y reforma penal en España». InDret, 1/2009, 1-31.
  • VAUGhN, M. G., M. DELISI, K. M. bEAVER y J. P. WRIGhT. 2009. «Identifying latent classes of behavioral risk based on early childhood manifestations of self-control». Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 7, 16-31.
  • VERMUNT, J. K. 1997a. Log-linear models for event histories. Thousand oaks, Ca. [etc.]: Sage.
  • VERMUNT, J. K. 1997b. LEM: a general program for the analysis of categorical data. Tilburg: Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University.
  • VERMUNT, J. K. 1999. «A general class of non-parametric models for ordinal categorical data». Sociological Methodology, 29, 187-223.
  • VERMUNT, J. K.2003. «Applications of latent class analysis in social science research». Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 2711, 22-36.
  • VERMUNT, J. K. y J. MAGIDSoN. 2002. «Latent class cluster analysis». Pp. 89-106 en Applied latent class analysis (J. A. hAGENAARS y A. L. MCCUTChEoN eds.). [etc.]: Cambridge University Press.
  • VERMUNT, J. K. y J. MAGIDSoN 2003. «Latent class models for classification». Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 41, 531-537.
  • VERMUNT, J. K. y J. MAGIDSoN 2007. «Latent class analysis with sampling weights. A maximum likelihood approach». Sociological Methods and Research, 36, 87-111.
  • VERMUNT, J. K., J. R. VAN GINKEL, L. A. VAN DER ARK y K. SIJTSMA. 2008. «Multiple imputation of incomplete categorical data using latent class analysis». Sociological Methodology, 33, 369-297.
  • VIKI, G. T. y G. bohNER. 2009. «Achieving accurate assessment of attitudes toward the criminal justice system: methodological issues». Pp. 96-119 en Public opinion and criminal justice (J. WooD y T. GANNoN eds.). Cullompton: Willan.
  • WALKER, N., M. hoUGh y h. LEWIS. 1988. «Tolerance of leniency and severity in England and Wales». Pp. 178-202 en Public attitudes to sentencing. Surveys from five countries (N. WALKER y M. hoUGh eds.). Aldeshot [etc.]: Gower.
  • WINShIP, C., R. D. MARE y J. R. WARREN. 2002. «Latent class models for contingency tables with missing data». Pp. 408-432 en Applied latent class analysis (J. A. hAGENAARS y A. L. MCCUTChEoN eds.). Cambridge [etc.]: Cambridge University Press.
  • WRIGhT, b. R. E., A. CASPI, T. E. MoFFITT y R. PATERNoSTER. 2004. «Does the perceived risk of punishment deter criminally prone individuals? Rational choice, self-control, and crime». Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 41, 180-213.