¿Es la memoria del optimista menos influenciable por las emociones negativas?

  1. Beneyto Molina, Vicent Blai
  2. García Fernández-Abascal, Enrique
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 2012

Volumen: 24

Número: 2

Páginas: 199-204

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

En este trabajo se pretende contrastar si un rasgo positivo de personalidad como es el optimismo podría minimizar el sesgo en el recuerdo diferencial de palabras tras inducir una emoción determinada. Se indujo un determinado estado emocional a 59 sujetos tras mostrarles una lista de palabras con distinta valencia afectiva, instándoles a continuación a recordar dichas palabras. Los resultados encontrados indican una tendencia de los menos optimistas a recordar y reconocer mayor número de palabras negativas en la condición de emoción negativa, alcanzando signifi cación estadística para el grupo femenino de emoción negativa con respecto al reconocimiento de palabras negativas.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Avia, M.D., y Vázquez, C. (1998). Optimismo inteligente. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
  • Bower, G.H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36, 129-148.
  • Buchanan, T., y Adolphs, R. (2002). The role of human amygdala in emotional modulation of long-term declarative memory. En S. Moore y M. Oaksford (Eds.), Emotional cognition: From brain to behavior (pp. 9-34). London: Benjamins.
  • Davis, P.J. (1999). Gender differences in autobiographical memory for childhood emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psichology, 76, 498-510.
  • Etienne, M.A. (2004). Information processing and regional brain activity in anxiety and depression. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 64, 4033.
  • Fernández, E., y Bermúdez, J. (1999). Estructura factorial del optimismo y pesimismo. Boletín de Psicología, 63, 7-26.
  • Fredrickson, B.L., y Levenson, R.W. (1998). Positive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 191-220.
  • Frijda, N.H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gray, J.R. (2001). Emotional modulation of cognitive control: Approach-with- drawal status double-dissociate spatial from verbal two-back task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 436-452.
  • Gross, J.J., Sutton, S.K., y Ketelaar, T. (1998). Relations between affect and personality: Support for the affect-level and affective-reactivity views. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 279-288.
  • Herlitz, A., Nilsson, L.G., y Backman, L. (1997). Gender differences in episodic memory. Memory and Cognition, 25, 801-811.
  • Herlitz, A., Lovén, J., Thilers, P., y Rehnman, J. (2010). Sex differences in episodic memory: The where but not the why. En L. Bäckman y L. Nyberg (Eds.), Memory, Aging and the Brain (pp. 132-143). Nueva York: Psychology Press.
  • Isen, A.M. (2003). Positive affect as a source of human strength. En L.G. Aspinwall y U. Staudinger, A Psychology of human strengths: Fundamental questions and future directions for a positive psychology (pp. 179-195). Washington: American Psychological Association.
  • Kensinger, E.A. (2007). Negative emotion enhances memory accuracy: Behavioural and neuroimaging evidence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(4), 213-218.
  • Kensinger, E.A., y Corkin, S. (2003). Memory enhancement for emotional words: Are emotional words more vividly remembered than neutral words? Memory and Cognition, 31(8), 1169-1180.
  • LeDoux, J.E. (2000). Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23, 155-184.
  • Levenson, R.W. (1998). Emotion and the autonomic nervous system: A prospectus for research on autonomic specificity. En H. Wagner (Ed.), Social psychophysiology: Perspectives on theory and clinical applications (pp. 17-42). Londres: Wiley.
  • Levine, L.J., y Burgess, S.L. (1997). Beyond general arousal: Effects of specific emotions on memory. Social Cognition, 15, 157-181.
  • Levine, L.J., y Bluck, S. (2004). Painting with broad strokes: Happiness and the malleability of event memory. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 559-574.
  • Levine, L.J., y Pizarro, D.A. (2006). Emotional valence, discrete emotions and memory. En B. Uttl, N. Ohta y A.L. Siegenthaler (Eds.), Memory and Emotion. Interdisciplinary Perspectives (pp. 37-58). Oxford: Blackell Publishing Ltd.
  • Loftus, E.F., y Hoffman, H.G. (1989). Misinformation and memory: The creation of memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 100-104.
  • Matt, G., Vázquez, C., y Campbell, K. (1992). Mood congruent recall of affectively toned stimuli: A meta-analityc review. Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 227-255.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1998). Rumiative coping with depression. En J. Heckhausen y C.S. Dweck (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulation across the life span (pp. 237-256). Nueva York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Quevedo, J., Sant, M.K., Madruga, M., Lovato, I., de Paris, F., Kapezinski, F. et al. (2003). Differential effects of emotional arousal in short and long-term memory in health adults. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 79, 132-135.
  • Redondo, J., Fraga, I., Comesaña, M., y Perea, M. (2005). Estudio normative del valor afectivo de 478 palabras españolas. Psicológica, 26, 317-326.
  • Rottenberg, J., Ray, R.R., y Gross, J.J. (2007). Emotion elicitation using films. En J.A. Coan y J.J.B. Allen (Eds.), The handbook of emotion elicitation and assesment. Nueva York: Oxford University Press.
  • Scheier, M.F., Carver, C.S., y Bridges, M.W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait-anxiety, self-mastery and self-steem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078.