Bienestar psicológico en enfermería: relaciones con resiliencia y afrontamiento

  1. Óscar Arrogante
  2. Pérez García, Ana María
  3. Aparicio Zaldívar, Eva G.
Revista:
Enfermería clínica

ISSN: 1130-8621

Año de publicación: 2015

Volumen: 25

Número: 2

Páginas: 73-80

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.ENFCLI.2014.12.009 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Enfermería clínica

Resumen

Aims To determine the differences in resilience, coping, and psychological well-being (PWB) among nursing professionals of different hospital services, as well as to establish a structural model in nursing staff where resilience and coping were included. Method Correlational and cross-sectorial study with probabilistic sampling. A sample of 208 nursing professionals from University Hospital of Fuenlabrada (Madrid) took part in the study. This sample consisted of nurses (n = 133), nursing assistants (n = 61), and midwives (n = 14), of whom 94 worked in special units and 114 worked in wards. Instruments: 10-Item CD-RISC (resilience), Brief-Cope (coping strategies), PWB scales (PWB dimensions), and sociodemographic variables. Results No differences were found in any assessed psychological variables as regards hospital service worked in. A structural model was found where resilience was a precursor factor of coping that determined the PWB of the nurses. Resilience favoured strategies related to engagement coping with stressful situations (β = 0.56) that contributed to PWB (β = 0.43) (these relationships were inverted in the case of disengagement coping). Conclusions Resilience is an inherent feature in nursing staff whether they work in special units or wards. Coping strategies focused on engagement (or adaptive) with the stressful situation determined nursing PWB (primarily self-acceptance and environment mastery dimensions). Resilience and coping strategies more adaptives constitute two personal resources that determine PWB.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Santana L., Hernández E., Eugenio P., Sánchez-Palacios M., Pérez R., Falcón R. Síndrome de burnout entre el personal de enfermería y auxiliar de una unidad de cuidados intensivos y el de las plantas de hospitalización. Enferm Clin. 2009, 19:31-34.
  • Fuentelsaz-Gallego C., Moreno-Casbas T., López-Zorraquino D., Gómez-García T., González-María E. Percepción del entorno laboral de las enfermeras españolas en los hospitales del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Proyecto RN4CAST-España. Enferm Clin. 2012, 22:261-268. en nombre del consorcio RN4CAST-España.
  • Bonet-Porqueras R., Moliné-Pallarés A., Olona-Cabases M., Gil-Mateu E., Bonet-Notario P., Les-Morell E., et al. Turno nocturno: un factor de riesgo en la salud y calidad de vida del personal de enfermería. Enferm Clin. 2009, 19:76-82.
  • Bright J. Turning the tide 1997, Demos Publishers, London.
  • Ryff C. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989, 57:1069-1081.
  • Connor K.M., Davidson J.R.T. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003, 18:76-82.
  • Fletcher D., Sarkar M. Psychological resilience: a review and critique of definitions, concepts, and theory. Eur Psychol. 2013, 18:12-23.
  • Serrano-Parra M.D., Garrido-Abejar M., Notario-Pacheco B., Bartolomé-Gutiérrez R., Solera-Martínez M., Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Validez de la escala de resiliencia Connor-Davidson (10 ítems) en una población de mayores no institucionalizados. Enferm Clin. 2013, 23:14-21.
  • McCann C.M., Beddoe E., McCormick K., Huggard P., Kedge S., Adamson C., et al. Resilience in the health professions: A review of recent literature. International Journal of Wellbeing. 2013, 3:60-81.
  • Arrogante O., Pérez-García A.M. El bienestar subjetivo percibido por los profesionales de enfermería no sanitarios ¿es diferente al de enfermería de intensivos? Relación con personalidad y resiliencia. Enferm Intensiva. 2013, 24:143-154.
  • Jackson D., Firtko A., Edenborough M. Personal resilience as a strategy for surviving and thriving in the face of workplace adversity: A literature review. J Adv Nurs. 2007, 60:1-9.
  • Tusaie K., Dyer J. Resilience: a historical review of the construct. Holist Nurs Pract. 2004, 18:3-8.
  • McGee E.M. The healing circle: resiliency in nurses. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2006, 27:43-57.
  • Arrogante O. Mediación de la resiliencia entre burnout y salud en el personal de Enfermería. Enferm Clin 2014, 25:283-289.
  • Pérez-García A.M. Personalidad, afrontamiento y apoyo social 1999, UNED-Klinik, Madrid.
  • Connor-Smith J.K., Flachsbart C. Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007, 93:1080-1107.
  • Campbell-Sills L., Stein M.B. Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC): validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. J Traum Stress. 2007, 20:1019-1028.
  • Notario-Pacheco B., Solera-Martínez M., Serrano-Parra M.D., Bartolomé-Gutiérrez R., García-Campayo J., Martínez-Vízcaino V. Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the 10 item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) in young adults. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2011, 9:63.
  • Carver C.S. You want to measure coping but your protocol is too long: Consider the Brief COPE. Int J Behav Med. 1997, 4:92-100.
  • Pérez-García A.M. Versión española de la escala Brief-COPE de Carver (1997). Documento del Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico 2008, Madrid, UNED.
  • Van Dierendonck D. The construct validity of Ryff's Scale of Psychological well-being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Pers Indiv Dif. 2004, 36:629-644.
  • Díaz D., Rodríguez-Carvajal R., Blanco A., Moreno-Jiménez B., Gallardo I., Valle C., et al. Adaptación española de las escalas de bienestar psicológico de Ryff. Psicothema. 2006, 18:572-577.
  • Nunnally J.C. Psychometric theory 1978, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences 1988, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey. 2.nd ed.
  • Bollen K.A., Long J.S. Testing structural equation models 1993, Sage, Newbury Park, California.
  • Campbell-Sills L., Cohan S.L., Stein M.B. Relationship of resilience to personality, coping, and psychiatric symptoms in young adults. Behav Res Ter. 2006, 44:585-599.
  • Davydov D.M., Stewart R., Ritchie K., Chaudieu I. Resilience and mental health. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010, 30:479-495.
  • Linley P.A., Maltby J., Wood A.M., Osborne G., Hurling R. Measuring happiness: The higher order factor structure of subjective and psychological well-being measures. Pers Indiv Dif. 2009, 47:878-884.
  • Keyes C., Ryff C., Shmotkin D. Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002, 82:1007-1022.
  • Brooks R., Goldstein S. El poder de la resiliencia. Cómo lograr el equilibrio la seguridad y la fuerza interior necesarios para vivir en paz 2004, Paidós, Barcelona.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet