Two new brief versions of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and its relationships with depression and anxiety

  1. Holgado-Tello, Fco. Pablo 1
  2. Amor, Pedro J. 1
  3. Lasa-Aristu, Amaia 1
  4. Domínguez-Sánchez, Fco. Javier 1
  5. Delgado, Begoña 1
  1. 1 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
    info
    Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02msb5n36

    Geographic location of the organization Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
Journal:
Anales de psicología

ISSN: 0212-9728,  1695-2294

Year of publication: 2018

Volume: 34

Issue: 3

Pages: 458-464

Type: Article

DOI: 10.6018/ANALESPS.34.3.306531 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR HANDLE: https://hdl.handle.net/10201/73468

More publications in: Anales de psicología

Abstract

The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) (Garnefski, et al., 2001) is a 36-item instrument for measuring cognitive strategies of emotional regulation. There is a brief, 18-item version that measures the same nine strategies as the full version (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2006a). The aim of this study was to develop a brief form of the CERQ, taking into account two different proposals: a 27-item and an 18-item instrument, the latter focusing solely on the assessment of the two general factors obtained in the second-order structure of the original CERQ model and identified in previous studies as adaptive strategies and less adaptive strategies. Participants in the study were 872 individuals aged 18-58 (mean 33.86, SD=8.43). The confirmatory factor analyses yield adequate overall indices in both versions, together with satisfactory validity. In the discussion, it is argued that the 27-item version is more appropriate for the specific rating of the nine regulation strategies people employ, and we propose the 18-item version as a suitable instrument in clinical context for an overall rating of an individual’s cognitive emotion regulation profile, furthermore, the criterion validity with depression and anxiety keeps similar to the larger versions. 

Bibliographic References

  • Aldao, A. & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2012). The influence of context on the implementation of adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 493-501. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.04.004.
  • Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Cudeck, R., & Browne, M.W. (1983). Cross-validation of covariance structures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 18, 147-167. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr1802_2
  • d'Acremont, M. & Van der Linden, M. (2007). How is impulsivity related to depression in adolescence? Evidence from a French validation of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Journal of Adolescence, 30, 271-282. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.02.007
  • Domínguez-Sánchez, F. J., Lasa-Aristu, M. Amor, P. J., & Holgado-Tello, F. P. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Assessment, 20, 253-261. doi: 10.1177/1073191110397274
  • Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006a). Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire – development of a short 18-item version (CERQ-short). Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 1045–1053. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.04.010
  • Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006b). Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1659–1669. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.12.009
  • Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 23, 141-149. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.23.3.141
  • Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, Ph. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1311-1327.
  • Goldin, P., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Werner, K., Kraemer, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy mediates the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(6), 1034–1040. doi: 10.1037/a0028555
  • Gross, J. J., & Muñoz, R. F. (1995). Emotion regulation and mental health. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 2, 151-164.
  • Jermann, F., Van der Linden, M., d’Acremont, M., & Zermatten, A. (2006). Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ): Confirmatory factor analyses and psychometric properties of the French translation. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22, 126-131. doi: 10.1027/1015-5759.22.2.126
  • Jöreskog K. G., & Sörbom D. (1996). LISREL 8: User’s reference guide. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.
  • Kraaij, V., Garnefski, N., de Wilde, E. J., Dijkstra, A., Gebhardt, W., Maes, S., et al. (2003). Negative life events and depressive symptoms in late adolescence: Bonding and cognitive coping as vulnerability factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32, 185–193.
  • Kruyen, P. M. (2012). Using Short Tests and Questionnaires for Making Decisions about Individuals: When is Short too Short? Ridderkerk (The Netherlands): Ridderprint BV.
  • Kruyen, P. M., Emons, W. H. M., & Sijtsma, K. (2013). On the shortcomings of shortened tests: A literature review. International Journal of Testing, 13, 223-248. doi:10.1080/15305058.2012.703734
  • Miguel-Tobal, J. J., Casado, M. I., Cano-Vindel, A., & Spielberger, C. D. (2001). State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Staxi-2. Madrid: TEA.
  • Sandín, B., Chorot, P., Lostao, L., Joiner, T., Santed, M., & Valiente, R. (1999). The PANAS scales of positive and negative affect: Factor analytic validation and cross-cultural convergence. Psicothema, 11, 37-51.
  • Scherer, K. R. (2009).The dynamic architecture of emotion: Evidence for the component process model. Cognition and Emotion, 23(7), 1307-1351. doi: 10.1080/02699930902928969
  • Shadish, W. R., Cook, Th. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Spielberger, C. D. (1988). Stait-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Orlando, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the State/Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
  • Thompson, R. A. (1991). Emotional regulation and emotional development. Educational Psychology Review, 3, 269-307.
  • Vázquez, C., & Sanz, J. (1997). Reliability and norm data of the Spanish version of the 1978 Beck Depression Inventor. Clínica y Salud, 8, 403-422.
  • Watson, D., Clark, L., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
  • Yang-Wallentin, F., Jöreskog,K., & Luo, H. (2010). Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Ordinal Variables With Misspecified Models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 17, 392-423. http://www.dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2010.489003.
  • Zhu, X., Auerbach, R. P., Yao, S., Abela, J. R. Z., Xiau, J., & Tong, X. (2008). Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Chinese version. Cognition and Emotion, 22, 288-307. doi: 10.1080/02699930701369035
Data source: Dialnet