Modelado y control multivariable del vehículo urbano eléctrico UAL-eCARM
- Mañas-Álvarez, F. J. 1
- Blanco-Claraco, J. L. 1
- Torres-Moreno, J. L. 1
- Giménez-Fernández, A.G. 1
-
1
Universidad de Almería
info
ISSN: 1697-7920
Año de publicación: 2020
Volumen: 17
Número: 2
Páginas: 144-155
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Revista iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial ( RIAI )
Resumen
This work presents the modeling and complete control of the Drive-by-Wire system of an electric urban vehicle. This system includes the steering mechanism, acceleration and brake of the vehicle. The modeling has been performed using low-order transfer functions using “black box” models. In regards to control, all developed controllers are of the PID type in their different configurations. The direct current actuators coupled to the steering and brake are controlled by a cascade control system while the acceleration is controlled by a gain scheduling system. The project source code is freely available on Github. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the models obtained, as well as the effectiveness of the developed controllers.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Amaya-Trinidad, P., Guerrero-Castellanos, J., Muñoz-Hernández, G., Mino-Aguilar, G., Saynes-Torres, J., 2012. Modelado, control y simulación de un vehículo eléctrico. Memorias del Congreso Nacional de Control Automático (October 2012), Cd. del Carmen, Campeche, México.
- Arahal, M. R., Soria, M. B., Díaz, F. R., 2006. Técnicas de predicción con aplicaciones en Ingeniería. Universidad de Sevilla.
- Bae, J., Lee, S., Shin, D.-H., Hong, J., Lee, J., Kim, J.-H., et al., 2017. Nonlinear identification of electronic brake pedal behavior using hybrid gmdh and genetic algorithm in brake-by-wire system. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (12), 1292–1298. https://doi.org/10.5370/JEET.2017.12.3.1292
- Blanco-Claraco, J. L., López-Martínez, J., Torres-Moreno, J. L., Giménez-Fernández, A., 2015. A low-cost modular platform for heterogeneous data acquisition with accurate interchannel synchronization. Sensors 15 (10), 27374–27392. https://doi.org/10.3390/s151027374
- Calvillo, C. F., Sanchez-Miralles, A., Villar, J., 2018. Synergies of electric urban transport systems and distributed energy resources in smart cities. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 19 (8), 2445–2453. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2017.2750401
- De Novellis, L., Sorniotti, A., Gruber, P., Pennycott, A., 2014. Comparison of feedback control techniques for torque-vectoring control of fully electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 63 (8), 3612–3623. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2014.2305475
- Doumiati, M., Victorino, A., Charara, A., 2014. Dynamics control of an In-Wheel Electric Vehicle with Steer-by-Wire. 2014 17th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2014, 348–353, Qingdao , China. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2014.6957715
- Drage, T., Kalinowski, J., Braunl, T., 2014. Integration of Drive-by-Wire with Navigation Control for a Driverless Electric Race Car. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine 6 (4), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITS.2014.2327160
- Fu, Y., Chai, T., 2012. Robust self-tunning PI decoupling control of uncertain multivariable systems. International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing 2522619 (26), 316–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/acs.1285
- Halton, M., Hayes, M. J., Iordanov, P., 2008. State-space analysis for an experimental drive-by-wire vehicle. International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control: IFAC-Aliated Journal 18 (9), 975–992. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.1322
- Hernández, G., Bordons, C., Marcos, D., Montero, C., 2015. Control De Estabilidad Basado En MPC Para Un Vehículo Eléctrico Con Motores En Rueda. XXXVI Jornadas de Automática, Huelva, España.
- Line, C., Manzie, C., Good, M., 2010. Control of an Electromechanical Brake for Automotive Brake-By-Wire Systems with an Adapted Motion Control Architecture. SAE Technical Paper Series 1 (724).
- Linfeng, L., Hai,W., Ping, H., Huifang, K., Ming, Y., Canghua, J., Zhihong, M., 2017. Robust chattering-free sliding mode control of electronic throttle systems in drive-by-wire vehicles. In: 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, pp. 9513–9518, Lianoning, China. https://doi.org/10.23919/ChiCC.2017.8028875
- Montes, H., Salinas, C., Fernánndez, R., Armada, M., 2017. An experimental platform for autonomous bus development. Applied Sciences 7 (11), 1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7111131
- Ni, J., Hu, J., Xiang, C., 2018. Control-configured-vehicle design and implementation on an x-by-wire electric vehicle. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67 (5), 3755–3766. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2018.2805886
- Ni, J., Hu, J., Xiang, C., 2019. Robust control in diagonal move steer mode and experiment on an x-by-wire ugv. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 24 (2), 572–584. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2019.2892489
- Noroña, M. V., Gómez, M. F., 2019. Desarrollo e innovación de los sistemas mecatrónicos en un automóvil: una revisión. Enfoque UTE 10 (1), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.v10n1.350
- Renato, P., Normey-Rico, J. E., Alba, C. B., Valverde, L., 2015. Gestión energética de una Micro Red acoplada a un sistema V2G. In: XXXVI Jornadas de Automática. Bilbao, pp. 2–4.
- Rodríguez, D., Alfaya, J. A., Bejarano, G., Ortega, M. G., Castaño, F., 2015. Estimación de parámetros de una planta experimental de refrigeración. XXXVI Jornadas de Automática, 951–958.
- Rubio, R. E., Hernández, S. L., Aracil, S. R., Saltarén, P. R., Moreno, Q. R.,2007. Modelado, identificación y control de actuadores lineales electro-neumáticos. aplicación en plataforma de dos grados de libertad. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI 4 (4), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1697-7912(07)70245-5
- Scicluna, K., Staines, C. S., Raute, R., 2017. Sensorless position tracking for steer-by-wire applications. In: 2017 19th International Conference on Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (EDPE). IEEE, pp. 341–346, Dubrovnik, Croatia. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPE.2017.8123227
- Todeschini, F., Corno, M., Panzani, G., Fiorenti, S., Savaresi, S. M., 2015. Adaptive cascade control of a brake-by-wire actuator for sport motorcycles. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 20 (3), 1310–1319. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2014.2341114
- Villagrá, J., Milanés, V., Pérez, J., de Pedro, T., 2012. Control basado en PID inteligentes: aplicación al control de crucero de un vehículo a bajas velocidades. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial 7 (4), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1697-7912(10)70059-5
- Wang, H., Man, Z., Shen,W., Cao, Z., Zheng, J., Jin, J., Tuan, D. M., 2014. Robust control for steer-by-wire systems with partially known dynamics. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 10 (4), 2003–2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2014.2338273
- Wu, X., Zhang, M., Xu, M., Kakogawa, Y., 2018. Adaptive feedforward control of a steer-by-wire system by online parameter estimator. International Journal of Automotive Technology 19 (1), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-018-0015-2
- Xiong, Z., Guo, X., Yang, B., Pei, X., Zhang, J., 2018. Modeling and pressure tracking control of a novel electro-hydraulic braking system. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10 (3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814018764153
- Yang, J., Zeng, Z., Tang, Y., Yan, J., He, H.,Wu, Y., 2015. Load frequency control in isolated micro-grids with electrical vehicles based on multivariable generalized predictive theory. Energies 8 (3), 2145-2164. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8032145
- Zhang, Z., Zhang, X., Pan, H., Salman,W., Rasim, Y., Liu, X.,Wang, C., Yang, Y., Li, X., 2016. A novel steering system for a space-saving 4ws4wd electric vehicle: design, modeling, and road tests. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 18 (1), 114-127. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2016.2561626
- Zhao, D., Chu, L., Xu, N., Sun, C., Xu, Y., 2018. Development of a cooperative braking system for front-wheel drive electric vehicles. Energies 11 (2). https://doi.org/10.3390/en11020378
- Zhu, G., Yang, H., Yu, F., 2019. Controller design for an automobile steerbywire system. In: 2019 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE). IEEE, pp. 1492-1497, Vancouver, Canada. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISIE.2019.8781444