Percepción de la voz en función del uso de mascarillas por la covid19

  1. Nuria Polo 1
  2. Lã, Filipa M. B. 1
  1. 1 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
    info

    Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02msb5n36

Revista:
Langue(s) & Parole: revista de filología francesa y románica

ISSN: 2466-7757

Año de publicación: 2022

Título del ejemplar: Miscel·lània

Número: 7

Páginas: 47-66

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5565/REV/LANGUESPAROLE.117 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Langue(s) & Parole: revista de filología francesa y románica

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

La investigación sobre los parámetros relacionados con la voz y el habla y el uso de mascarillas a raíz de la COVID-19 se ha centrado sobre todo en las características acústicas de la señal y en los aspectos relacionados con la percepción y la comunicación. En menor medida se ha investigado cómo la producción vocal se ha visto afectada, tanto sus aspectos aerodinámicos como los autopercibidos sobre la salud vocal. El presente trabajo revisa los once estudios de tipo observacional que analizan los efectos de llevar mascarillas en parámetros aerodinámicos (uno), el tiempo máximo de fonación (dos) y en la autopercepción de las características vocales (ocho). De estos ocho, tres estudios han encontrado un aumento del esfuerzo y la fatiga vocal, medidos con la escala de Borg, uno un aumento de la incomodidad, medido a través de la escala Vocal Tract Discomfort, y cuatro, un aumento de la incapacidad vocal mediante el Índice de Hándicap Vocal. Los participantes eran profesionales sanitarios en cinco de estos estudios, y en tres la población general, con una edad comprendida entre 18 y 65 años. Se han realizado en Estados Unidos, Chile, Brasil, España, Portugal, Grecia e Irán. Todos ellos evaluaron los diversos tipos de mascarillas, excepto el trabajo realizado con participantes griegos. Con excepción de un único estudio, el de Chile, los efectos descubiertos no se asocian a un mayor número de horas de uso ni al tipo de mascarilla, sino que los efectos se agravan con ruido ambiente y se pueden asociar con el sexo. Por ello, al final del trabajo se recomiendan estrategias de compensación dirigidas a cada sexo para evitar los efectos colaterales en la voz de usar mascarillas.

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