Eficacia de los tratamientos psicológicos para los comportamientos autolesivos suicidas y no suicidas en adolescentes

  1. Miguel Ángel Carrasco 1
  2. Eva M. Carretero 1
  3. Luis Fernando López-Martínez 1
  4. Ana M. Pérez-García 1
  1. 1 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), España
Revista:
Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes

ISSN: 2340-8340

Año de publicación: 2023

Título del ejemplar: Estado de los tratamientos psicológicos infanto-juveniles

Volumen: 10

Número: 1

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes

Resumen

Los comportamientos autolesivos y suicidas en adolescentes, por su creciente prevalencia como por sus fatales consecuencias, son en nuestros días un problema de salud pública que requiere de intervenciones eficaces. Con el objetivo de dilucidar los tratamientos psicológicos que, hasta la fecha, mejor funcionan para reducir o eliminar estos comportamientos, se realizó una revisión de estudios de metaanálisis y revisiones sistemáticas en las bases de datos PsycArticles, PsycInfo y MEDLINE. Los criterios de elegibilidad establecidos permitieron la selección final de 10 registros. Los resultados mostraron una elevada heterogeneidad y un alcance limitado de los tratamientos psicológicos con tamaños del efecto de pequeños a moderados tanto para las conductas autolesivas, como para la ideación suicida, la suicidabilidad y especialmente para la intención suicida. Estos efectos tendían a debilitarse o desaparecer en el medio y largo plazo. La Terapia Dialéctica Conductual (TDC) resultó ser comparativamente la que mejores resultados obtuvo de las intervenciones analizadas. El alcance restringido de los resultados y las importantes limitaciones metodológicas halladas alertan de la necesidad de más investigación, así como del futuro diseño de intervenciones específicas para este tipo de problemas.

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