Factores de riesgo y de protección asociados al trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo en niños y adolescentesUna revisión sistemática

  1. Maria Pardo 1
  2. Bonifacio Sandín 1
  3. Rosa M. Valiente 1
  4. Paloma Chorot 1
  1. 1 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, España
Journal:
Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica

ISSN: 1136-5420

Year of publication: 2022

Volume: 27

Issue: 3

Pages: 217-232

Type: Article

More publications in: Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica

Abstract

El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue examinar los factores de riesgo y de protección asociados al trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) y a los síntomas del TOC en niños y adolescentes. Llevamos a cabo una búsqueda de la literatura a través de Scopus, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect y PubMed. Se incluyó en la revisión un total de 25 estudios publicados. Examinamos todos los posibles factores de riesgo y/o de protección que fueron asociados al TOC o a síntomas subclínicos del TOC. La mayor parte de los estudios revisados se focalizaron en factores de riesgo y en el TOC. Encontramos diversos tipos de factores de riesgo, incluyendo los factores biológicos (genéticos, perinatales, cerebrales, infecciosos, etc.), personales (sensibilidad a la ansiedad, afecto negativo, inhibición conductual, sentido de responsabilidad, etc.), familiares (estilos de crianza, trauma infantil, etc.), socioeconómicos, y psicosociales (estrés, bajo apoyo social, etc.). La resiliencia y el apoyo social elevado aparecieron como factores de protección. Estos resultados subrayan que varios factores, especialmente factores de riesgo, parecen estar asociados de forma consistente al TOC, los cuales podrían incorporarse en los futuros programas de prevención de este trastorno.

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