Procesos subyacentes a la mortalidad arbórea tras incendio

Zusammenfassung

Disturbances such as fire and drought are natural in the Mediterranean basin, but global warming and lack of forest management interact to enhance drought episodes that are becoming more frequent and severe. These drought episodes, accompanied by the abandonment of rural areas over the last century, have favoured the development of a large vegetation (fuel) loads that are increasingly drier and, consequently, more available to the fire. This increasing amount of dry fuel is consequently enhancing the probability of suffering a large fire. In addition to global change factors, some physiological traits may favour water losses through nocturnal or cuticular transpiration, for instance, although their regulation is still largely unknown at present. It has been pointed out how these two processes can further increase water scarcity, especially under stressful conditions, which would increase the risk of fire and could hinder the recovery of vegetation after disturbance. In this sense, it has been suggested that physiological adaptations to resist drought may become antagonistic to adaptations to resist fire. This PhD thesis seeks to link the physiological processes responsible for drought resistance with the response of plants to fire and, in particular, resprouting. To this end, a series of bibliographical and meta-analytical studies have been combined with field studies. I found that adaptations to drought, such as resistance to embolism, can be negatively related to resistance to low intensity fire. However, resprouting recovery after high-intensity fires that remove aboveground biomass depends on the degree of hydrcaulic conductance before the perturbation. I have documented how variation in cuticular conductance can indeed considerably increase water stress, especially in perennial species and, finally, I have performed a global synthesis on the factors that explain nocturnal stomatal conductance.