Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Work-Related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (WAAQ) in a Colombian sample

  1. Bravo, Diana M
  2. Suárez Falcón, Juan C
  3. Bianchi Salguero Javier M
  4. Gil Luciano, Bárbara
  5. Ruiz, Francisco J
Revista:
International journal of psychology and psychological therapy

ISSN: 1577-7057

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 23

Número: 3

Páginas: 301-312

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: International journal of psychology and psychological therapy

Resumen

The Work-Related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (WAAQ) is a self-report instrument that measures psychological flexibility at work. Although this scale has been validated in some languages, its psychometric properties in Colombia are unknown, making it challenging to assess work-related psychological flexibility in this country. The present study analyzed the psychometric properties and factor structure of the WAAQ in a sample of 985 Colombian workers. The internal consistency of the WAAQ measured through coefficient alpha was .88. The one-factor model with correlated error terms between items 4 and 7 showed a very good fit to the data (RMSEA= 0.033, CFI= .998, NNFI= .997, SRMR= 0.018). The WAAQ showed metric and scalar invariance across gender, age group, socioeconomic stratum, and hierarchical level. Furthermore, it correlated negatively with psychological inflexibility, psychological distress, emotional exhaustion, and cynicism and positively with professional efficacy, work engagement, and job satisfaction. In conclusion, the WAAQ seems to be a valid self-report of work-related psychological flexibility in Colombian samples.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Benoy C, Knitter B, Schumann I, Bader K, Walter M, & Gloster AT (2019). Treatment sensitivity: Its importance in the measurement of psychological flexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 13, 121-125. Doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.07.005
  • Bond FW, Hayes SC, Baer RA, Carpenter KM, Guenole N, Orcutt HK, Waltz T, & Zettle RD (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42, 676-688. Doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007
  • Bond FW, Lloyd J, & Guenole N (2013). The work-related acceptance and action questionnaire: Initial psychometric findings and their implications for measuring psychological flexibility in specific contexts. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 86, 331-347. Doi: 10.1111/joop.12001
  • Bravo DM, Suárez-Falcón JC, Bianchi JM, Segura-Vargas MA, & Ruiz FJ (2021). Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Maslach Burnout Inventory– General Survey in Colombia. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 5118. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph18105118
  • Chen F (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14, 464.504. Doi: 10.1080/10705510701301834.
  • Cheung GW & Rensvold RB (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 233-255. Doi: 10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
  • Dereix-Calonge I, Ruiz FJ, Sierra MA, Peña-Vargas A, & Ramírez ES (2019). Acceptance and commitment training focused on repetitive negative thinking for clinical psychology trainees: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 81-88. Doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.02.005
  • Flaxman PE & Bond FW (2010). A randomised worksite comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy and stress inoculation training. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 816-820. Doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.004
  • Garner EV, & Golijani-Moghaddam N (2021). Relationship between psychological flexibility and work-related quality of life for healthcare professionals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 21, 98-112. Doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.06.007
  • Goldberg D, & Williams P (1988). A User’s Guide to the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson.
  • Greiff S, & Scherer R (2018). Still comparing apples with oranges? Some thoughts on the principles and practices of measurement invariance testing. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 34, 141-144. Doi: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000487
  • Harvey SB, Modini M, Joyce S, Milligan-Saville JS, Tan L, Mykletun A, Bryant RA, Christensen H & Mitchell PB (2017). Can work make you mentally ill? A systematic meta-review of work-related risk factors for common mental health problems. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 74, 301-310. Doi: 10.1136/ oemed-2016-104015
  • Hayes SC, & Strosahl KD (2005). A Practical Guide to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. New York: Springer Science + Business Media.
  • Holmberg J, Kemani MK, Holmström L, Öst LG, & Wicksell RK (2019). Evaluating the psychometric characteristics of the work-related acceptance and action questionnaire (WAAQ) in a sample of healthcare professionals. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 14, 103-107. Doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.08.010
  • Hu L, & Bentler PM (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. Doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Jöreskog KG (2005). Structural equation modeling with ordinal variables using LISREL. Scientific Software International. Retrieved from: http://www.ssicentral.com/lisrel/corner.htm
  • Jöreskog KG, & Sörbom D (1999). LISREL 8.30. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International. Landa J, López-Zafra E, de Antoñana M, & Pulido M (2006) Perceived emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among university teachers. Psicothema, 18, 152-157.
  • Luciano C, Törneke N, & Ruiz FJ (2022). Clinical behavior analysis and RFT: Conceptualizing psychopathology and its treatment. In MP Twohig, ME Levin, & JM Petersen (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (pp. 109-142). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Maslach C, Jackson SE, & Leiter MP (1996). Burnout Inventory Manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Menghini L, & Balducci C (2021). The importance of contextualized psychosocial risk indicators in workplace stress assessment: evidence from the healthcare sector. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 3263. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063263
  • Millsap RE, & Yun-Tein J (2004). Assessing Factorial Invariance in Ordered-categorical Measures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 479-515. Doi: 10.1207/S15327906MBR3903_4
  • Moran DJ (2015). Acceptance and Commitment Training in the workplace. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 26-31. Doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.031
  • Moreno-Jiménez B, Rodríguez-Carvajal R, & Escobar-Redonda E (2001). La evaluación del burnout profesional. Factorialización del MBI-GS. Un análisis preliminar. Ansiedad y Estrés, 7, 69-78
  • Munduate ML (1984) La motivación en el trabajo. Madrid: Servicio de Publicaciones del Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social.
  • Muñiz J & Hambleton RK (1996). Directrices para la traducción y adaptación de los tests. Papeles del Psicólogo, 66, 63-70.
  • Ong CW, Lee EB, Levin ME, & Twohig MP (2019). A review of AAQ variants and other context-specific measures of psychological flexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 329-346. Doi: 10.1016/j. jcbs.2019.02.007
  • Ortiz-Fune C, Kanter JW, & Arias MF (2020). Burnout in mental health professionals: the roles of psychological flexibility, awareness, courage, and love. Clínica y Salud, 31, 85-90. Doi: 10.5093/clysa2020a8
  • Pinto VN, Ferreira MC, & Valentini F (2015). Evidências de validade da Escala de Flexibilidade Psicológica no Trabalho em amostras brasileiras. Psico, 46, 362-373. Doi: 10.15448/1980-8623.2015.3.18679
  • Prudenzi A, Graham CD, Clancy F, Hill D, O’Driscoll R, Day F, & O’Connor DB (2021). Group-based acceptance and commitment therapy interventions for improving general distress and work-related distress in healthcare professionals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 295, 192-202. Doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.084
  • Rocha KB, Pérez K, Rodríguez-Sanz M, Borrell C, & Obiols JE (2011). Propiedades psicométricas y valores normativos del General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) en población general española. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 11, 125-139.
  • Ruiz FJ, Langer AI, Luciano C, Cangas AJ, & Beltrán I (2013). Measuring experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility: the Spanish translation of the acceptance and action questionnaire. Psicothema, 25, 123–129. Doi: 10.7334/psicothema2011.239
  • Ruiz FJ & Odriozola-González P (2014). The Spanish version of the work-related acceptance and action questionnaire (WAAQ). Psicothema, 26, 63-68.
  • Ruiz FJ, Suárez-Falcón JC, Cárdenas-Sierra S, Durán Y, Guerrero K, & Riaño-Hernández D (2016). Psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II in Colombia. The Psychological Record, 66, 429- 437. Doi: 10.1007/s40732-016-0183-2
  • Ruiz FJ, García-Beltrán DM, & Suárez-Falcón JC (2017). General Health Questionnaire-12 validity in Colombia and factorial equivalence between clinical and nonclinical participants. Psychiatry Research, 256, 53-58. Doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.020
  • Ruiz FJ, & Odriozola-González P (2017). The predictive and moderating role of psychological flexibility in the development of job burnout. Universitas Psychologica, 16, 282-289. Doi: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy16-4.pmrp
  • Salanova M, Schaufeli WB, Llorens S, Peiro JM, & Grau R (2000) Desde el “burnout” al “engagement”: Una nueva perspectiva? [From “burnout” to “engagement”: A new perspective?]. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 16, 117-134.
  • Schaufeli WB, Martínez IM, Pinto AM, Salanova M, & Bakker AB (2002). Burnout and Engagement in University Students: A Cross-National Study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 464-481. Doi: 10.1177/0022022102033005003
  • Serrano C, Andreu Y, Murgui S, & Martínez P (2019). Psychometric properties of Spanish version student Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-S-9) in high-school students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 22, e21. Doi: 10.1017/sjp.2019.25
  • Towey-Swift KD, Lauvrud C, & Whittington R (2023). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for professional staff burnout: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of controlled trials. Journal of Mental Health, 32, 452-456. Doi: 10.1080/09638237.2021.2022628
  • Warr P, Cook J, & Wall T (1979). Scales for the measurement of some work attitudes and aspects of psychological well-being. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52, 129-148. Doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8325.1979.tb00448.x
  • Xu X, Liu X, Ou M, Xie C, & Chen Y (2018). Psychological flexibility of nurses in a cancer hospital: Preliminary validation of a Chinese version of the work-related acceptance and action questionnaire. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 5, 83-90. Doi: 10.4103/apjon.apjon_62_17