Estudio de la evidencialidad del discurso periodísticoun análisis comparativo entre China y España desde una perspectiva sociocognitiva

Résumé

The present study aims, on the one hand, to explain the use of evidence from a sociocognitive perspective, including lexical-grammatical forms, meaning construction and cognitive mechanisms of evidence use. On the other hand, to compare the differences in the use of evidence in journalistic discourse between China and Spain, and to try to explain these differences through the different cultures and ways of thinking. To achieve the objectives of this study, two corpora are compiled using as an example news items about the George Floyd case: 50 Chinese news items and 50 Spanish news items, a total of 100 news items and 109,215 words. Based on the common lexica-grammatical forms of the evidence, summarized in the previous studies, and the context in which they are situated, the evidence of the news texts was labeled and coded with the help of the UAM Corpus Tool. Following Van Dijk's framework for journalistic discourse analysis, the socio-cognitive framework was adopted as the analytical framework for this study. Then, a quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out based on the statistical data obtained and the texts collected. The results of the quantitative analyses reveal patterns of frequency and distribution of the evidence in the journalistic discourse, as well as their relationship with the structure of the news. It was observed that some of the evidence showed similar distribution patterns in the Chinese news corpus and in the Spanish news corpus. For example, a low frequency of distribution of sensory and belief evidence was appreciated, while citational evidence had a high frequency of distribution. A significant difference was also identified between the distribution frequencies of some evidence in the Chinese news corpus and the Spanish news corpus. For example, the use of indirect citational evidence in the Spanish news is higher compared to the Chinese news. Moreover, regarding the relationship between the frequency of evidence distribution and the structure of the news items, the two corpora also show remarkable differences. For example, in Chinese news, we found the highest frequency of evidence distribution in the headlines, while in Spanish news it is found in the body of the text. Journalists employ diverse discursive strategies to convey subjective awareness to readers during news production, and this difference in the frequency and pattern of evidence distribution also reflects the divergence in subjective awareness between the two corpora. The results of the qualitative analysis reveal how the use of evidence constructs surface objectivity, social representations, mental representations, and social inferences in journalistic discourse. The study identifies differences and similarities in the construction of these four dimensions by Spanish and Chinese journalists. These differences are manifested in the use of different categories of evidence. This study brings both theoretical and practical value to the analysis of journalistic discourse and the study of evidentiality. First, this study offers criteria for the classification and coding of evidential, which provides a reference for future research. Second, this thesis studies evidentiality in journalistic discourse and examines the relationship between evidentiality and journalistic discourse. Third, based on the socio-cognitive framework, the socio-cognitive function of evidentiality in journalistic discourse is analyzed, which provides a reference for future research on evidentiality from this perspective. Finally, the similarities and differences in the use of evidentiality in Chinese and Spanish news are compared, indicating the relationship between the use of evidentiality and cultural contexts and explaining the discrepancies in the results of the analysis from a cultural and modes of thought perspective, on this basis recommendations are formulated to improve the international dissemination of news, with the purpose of strengthening its impact in the global arena of cross-cultural communication