Burschenschaften y Mädchenschaften, las hermandades académicas chileno-alemanas entre 1896 y 2006¿actores políticos transnacionales?

Abstract

Burschenschaften are academic German-national fraternities that had its apogee between the constitution of the German Empire in 1871 and the emergence of fascism in Germany, during the decade of 1920. Mädchenschaften are their female opposing party that emerged with the admission of women to university around 1900. With German emigration to South America in the 19th century this form of association also spread to host countries, especially Brazil and Chile. Nevertheless, it was in Chile were this form of organization lasted from the foundation of the first masculine fraternity in 1896 onwards until the present day. And it was in Chile where from 1960 onwards emerged Mädchenschaften and where processes of exchange and institutional transfer with fraternities in Germany and Austria were made up. In Chile there are nowadays five Burschenschaften, Araucania (founded in 1896, Santiago), Montania (founded in 1924, Concepción); Andinia (founded in 1926, Santiago), Ripuaria (founded in 1949, Valparaíso), Vulkania (founded in 1962, Valdivia) and three Mädchenschaften, Erika Michaelsen (founded in 1969, Santiago), Amankay (founded in 1991, Valdivia) and Viktoria (founded in 1994, Concepción. Members are made up by students (Aktivitas) and graduates, the so called passive members (Alte Herren/Hohe Damen), that finance substantially the students’ community life. The five masculine fraternities have united in the Federation of Chilean Burschenschaften (Bund Chilenischer Burschenschaften (BCB)) and the females did the same in 2004 with the foundation of the Federation of Chilean Mädchenschaften (Bund Chilenischer Mädchenschaften (BCM)). The BCB maintains since 1959 an agreement of friendship and understanding with the Federation of academic German-national fraternities in Germany (Deutsche Burschenschaft (DB)), where also Austrian fraternities are federated in..