La regulación de las plataformas digitales como industrias en red

  1. JUAN J. MONTERO PASCUAL
  2. MATTHIAS FINGER
Revista:
Revista General de Derecho de los Sectores Regulados: RSR

ISSN: 2603-6444

Año de publicación: 2022

Número: 9

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Revista General de Derecho de los Sectores Regulados: RSR

Resumen

Digital platforms in multilateral markets can be considered the new network industries due to the relevance of direct, indirect and algorithmic network effects. As a result, platforms exhibit similar characteristics to industries where network effects are central, namely concentration, market power and, as a consequence, public intervention. The European Union has started to regulate digital platforms, and many of the regulatory instruments are inspired by the regulation of traditional network industries, especially the regulatory framework designed for telecommunications, with regular market analysis to impose obligations on operators with market power to reduce barriers to entry. Vertical separation is also under consideration, following the precedent of the energy and railway industries.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alexiadis, P. y De Streel, A. (2021): Designing an EU Intervention Standard for Digital Platforms, EUI Working Paper-RSCAS 2020/14, pp.2-9.
  • Ammirati, M. (2016): The Science of Growth: How Facebook Beat Friendster, Saint Martin Press, Nueva York.
  • Argenton, C., y Prüfer, J. (2012). Search engine competition with network externalities. Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 8(1), 73-105.
  • Ariño Ortiz, G. (1999): Principios de Derecho público económico, Marcial Pons, Madrid.
  • Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (2019): Digital Platforms Enquiry, Informe.
  • Autoriteit Consument & Markt (2019). Market Study into Mobile App Stores, Informe.
  • Barcevičius, E., Caturianas, D., Leming, A., y otros (2021): Multi-homing: obstacles, opportunities, facilitating factors: analytical paper 7, European Commission, Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology, Publications Office.
  • Baumol, W. J., Panzar, J. C. y Willig, R. D. (1982): Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, San Diego, 1982.
  • Benzoni, L. Y Svider, R. (1994): “Departing from monopoly: asymmetries, competition dynamics, and regulatory policy”, Noam, M. E. y Pogorel (eds), “Asymmetric Deregulation. The Dynamics of Telecommunications Policy in Europe and the United States”, Ablex Publishing Corporation, Norwood.
  • Caballero Sánchez, R. (2003): Infraestructuras en red y liberalización de servicios públicos, INAP, Madrid.
  • Castells, M. (1996): La Sociedad red, Alianza Editorial, Madrid.
  • Comisión Europea (2020): A European Strategy For Data, Comunicación de 19.2.2020, COM(2020) 66.
  • Competition & Markets Authority (2020): Online platforms and digital advertising. Informe.
  • Competition Authorities Working Group On Digital Economy (2019): Brics in the Digital Economy. Competition Law in Practice, Informe.
  • Crémer, J., De Montjoye Y.-A., y Schweitzer, H. (2019): Competition Policy for the Digital Era, Report to the European Commission.
  • Cusumano, M.A., Gawer, A. y Yoffie, D.B. (2019): The Business of Platforms. Strategy in the Age of Digital Competition, Innovation, and Power, Harper Business, Nueva York.
  • Economiedes, N. (1996): The Economics of Networks, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 14(2), 673–699.
  • Evans, D. S. y Schmalensee, R. (2016): Matchmakers. The New Economics of Multi-sided Platforms, Harvard Business Review Press, Boston.
  • Finger, M. (2019): Network Industries. A Research Overview. Routledge. New York.
  • Furman, J. y otros (2019): Unlocking Digital Competition. Informe del Digital Competition Expert Panel.
  • Geradin D. (2021): What is a digital gatekeeper? Which platforms should be captured by the EC proposal for a Digital Market Act?, en SSRN, pp.4-11
  • Hughes, T. P. (1987): The Evolution of Large Technological Systems, The Social Construction of Technological Systems. New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology, MIT Press, Boston, 2º ed. 2012.
  • Japan Fair Trade Commission (2019): Report Regarding Trade Practices on Digital Platforms, Informe.
  • Khan, L. (2019): The separation of platforms and commerce. Columbia Law Review, 119, p. 973.
  • Knee, J. A. (2021): The Platform Delusion, Penguin Random House, Nueva York.
  • Lashinsky, A. (2017): Wild Ride. Inside Uber’s Quest for World Domination. Penguin, Nueva York.
  • Levy, S. (2020): Facebook. The Inside Story. Penguin, Nueva York.
  • Montero Pascual, J. J. (2015): La regulación del acceso y la interconexión de redes de telecomunicaciones”, de la Quadra-Salcedo (director), Derecho de las telecomunicaciones, pp. 208-242, Civitas, Madrid.
  • Montero Pascual, J.J. (2020): La regulación económica. La actividad administrativa de regulación de los mercados, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, 4º ed.
  • Montero, J. y Finger, M. (2021): The Rise of the New Network Industries. Regulating Digital Platforms, Routledge, Nueva York.
  • Mueller, M. L. (1997): Universal Service. Competition, Interconnection, and Monopoly in the Making of the American Telephone System, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • OCDE (2016): Structural Separation in Regulated Industries: Report on Implementing the OECD Recommendation, Report.
  • OECD (2009): Two-Sided Markets, Policy Roundtables.
  • Parker, Van Alstyne y Choudary (2016): Platform Revolution, WW Norton & Company, Nueva York.
  • Perruci, A. y Cimatoribus, M. (1997): “Convergence and Asymmetry in Telecommunications Regulation”, Telecommunications Policy, vol. 21(6), pp. 493−512.
  • Prüfer, J. y Graef, I. (2021): Governance of Data Sharing: A Law & Economics proposal, en SSRN.
  • Rochet, J.C. y Tirole, J. (2003): Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets, Journal of the European Economic Association, vol. 1(4), pp. 990–1029.
  • Rodríguez De Las Heras y otros (2021): Work stream on Data, Final Report Expert Group for the Observatory on the Online Platform Economy.
  • Shapiro, C. y Varian, H. (1999): Information Rules. A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Harvard Business Review Press. Cambridge. MA.
  • De Streel, Feasey, Krämer y Monti (2021): Making the Digital Markets Act More Resilient and Effective, CERRE.
  • Temin, P. (1987): The Fall of the Bell System, Cambridge University Press, Nueva York.
  • Warren, E. (2019, Mar 8): Here’s How We Can Break Up Big Tech, Medium, en https://medium.com/@teamwarren/heres-how-we-can-break-up-big-tech-9ad9e0da324c
  • Wu, T. (2010): The Master Switch. The Rise and Fall of Information Empires, Alfred A. Knopf, Nueva York.