Los "cubanismos" de Pichardo y su impacto en las obras académicas del siglo XIX

Résumé

For Cuban and American dialectology and the lexicography of the Spanish language, the value of the Diccionario provincial de voces cubanas is undeniable, since its first appearance in 1836 and its successive expanded editions. This work, recognized until last year as the first of its kind in the American sphere, drew attention to the differential value of Spanish in America, exemplified through Cubanisms, and its own lexical identity. We review the adequacy of the dialectal marking that Pichardo gave of the proposed terms –those not referring to flora or fauna– and the impact (absence/presence) of these in the dictionaries of Spanish in the XIX century. The main results indicate, on the one hand, that most of the lexical units in Pichardo's dictionary cannot be considered Cubanisms or Americanisms today, as they are terms present in the general lexicon (panhispanisms) or words that have lost their validity. On the other hand, we verify that academic dictionaries are the least likely to register these words.