Identidad personal desde una perspectiva constructivistauna revisión narrativa centrada en la teoría de la discrepancia del yo

  1. Vicente Bay-Alarcón 1
  2. M. Ángeles López-González 2
  3. Luis Angel Saúl 1
  1. 1 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, (UNED), España
  2. 2 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, España
Revista:
Revista de psicoterapia

ISSN: 1130-5142,  2339-7950

Año de publicación: 2024

Título del ejemplar: Investigación en psicoterapia en Iberoamérica: Estado actual y desarrollos futuros

Volumen: 35

Número: 127

Páginas: 85-96

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5944/RDP.V35I127.39568 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de psicoterapia

Resumen

Este trabajo ofrece una exploración exhaustiva de la construcción de la identidad personal desde una perspectiva constructivista, con un enfoque especial en la Teoría de la Discrepancia del Yo. Iniciando con la conceptualización de la identidad como un proceso dinámico y continuo, se abordan las dimensiones cognitivas de los dominios del yo y las perspectivas sobre el yo, dando lugar a seis representaciones básicas de los estados del yo. La Teoría de la Discrepancia del Yo, centrada en la reducción de discrepancias entre diferentes yos, revela cómo estas discrepancias generan malestar psicológico y motivación para el cambio. Destaca cómo los individuos, a lo largo de su vida, construyen, modifican y mantienen su identidad personal en respuesta a las discrepancias entre diferentes representaciones del yo, como el yo actual, el yo ideal y el yo como debería ser. La revisión bibliográfica analiza estudios relevantes que aplican la Teoría de la Discrepancia del Yo en diversos contextos, desde el académico hasta el clínico, evidenciando su utilidad en comprender la motivación para el cambio y el esfuerzo por alcanzar la identidad deseada. En conclusión, en este artículo se presenta una revisión narrativa integral que contribuye a la comprensión y aplicación de la psicología constructivista y la Teoría de la Discrepancia del Yo en entornos clínicos, educativos, sociales y laborales.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Barnett, M. D., y Womack, P. M. (2015). Fearing, not loving, the reflection: Narcissism, self-esteem, and self-discrepancy theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 280–284. https://doi-org.bibliotecauned.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.032
  • Barnett, M. D., Moore, J. M., & Harp, A. R. (2017). Who we are and how we feel: Self-discrepancy theory and specific affective states. Personality and Individual Differences, 111, 232–237. https://doi-org.bibliotecauned.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.024
  • Bateman, A., y Fonagy, P. (2004). Mentalization-based treatment of BPD. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18(1), 36-51. DOI: 10.1521/pedi.18.1.36.32772
  • Cantor, J. B., Ashman, T. A., Schwartz, M. E., Gordon, W. A., Hibbard, M. R., Brown, M., Spielman, L., Charatz, H. J., & Cheng, Z. (2005). The role of self-discrepancy theory in understanding post-traumatic brain injury affective disorders: A pilot study. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20(6), 527–543. https://doi-org.bibliotecauned.idm.oclc.org/10.1097/00001199-200511000-00005
  • Carver, C. S., y Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. Cambridge University Press.
  • Chiari, G. (2013). Constructivist approaches to identity. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, & V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research (Vol. 1, pp. 649-671). Springer.
  • Chiari, G. (2016). The construction of identity. En L. Hjørland y G. K. Nilsson (Eds.), Information and identity: A collection of papers from the Stockholm 2016 Information Science Symposium (pp. 101-115). Royal School of Library and Information Science.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. W.W. Norton & Company.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906-911.
  • Freud, S. (1961). The ego and the id. In J. Strachey (Ed. and Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 19, pp. 3-66). London: Hogarth Press.
  • Gergen, K. J. (1991). The saturated self: Dilemmas of identity in contemporary life. Basic Books.
  • Hermans, H. J. M. (2003). The construction and reconstruction of a dialogical self. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 16(2), 89-130.
  • Higgins, E. T., Klein, R., y Strauman, T. (1985). Self-concept discrepancy theory: A psychological model for distinguishing among different aspects of depression and anxiety. Social cognition, 3(1), 51-76.
  • Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94(3), 319-340.
  • Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52(12), 1280-1300.
  • James, W. (1948). Psychology. New York: World. (Original work published 1890)
  • Seung-A Annie Jin. (2012). Self-Discrepancy and Regulatory Fit in Avatar-Based Exergames. Psychological Reports, 111(3), 697–710. https://doi-org.bibliotecauned.idm.oclc.org/10.2466/06.07.21.PR0.111.6.697-710
  • Kearney, J. R. (2023). Conceptualizing adolescent social media usage through social comparison and self-discrepancy theories [ProQuest Information & Learning]. In Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering (Vol. 84, Issue 9–B).
  • Kelly, G. A. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs. Norton.
  • Kohut, H. (1971). The analysis of the self: A systematic approach to the psychoanalytic treatment of narcissistic personality disorders. University of Chicago Press.
  • Leone, L. (2001). Un’indagine multi-tratto-multi-metodo sui costrutti della self-discrepancy theory = A multi-trait-multi-method study on the constructs of self-discrepancy theory. Testing Psicometria Metodologia, 8(1–2), 33–54.
  • Locke, E. A., y Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • McAdams, D. P. (2001). The psychology of life stories. Review of General Psychology, 5(2), 100–122. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.2.100
  • Manian, N., Strauman, T. J., & Denney, N. (1998). Temperament, recalled parenting styles, and self-regulation: Testing the developmental postulates of self-discrepancy theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(5), 1321–1332. https://doi-org.bibliotecauned.idm.oclc.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.5.1321
  • Mason, T. B., Smith, K. E., Engwall, A., Lass, A., Mead, M., Sorby, M., Bjorlie, K., Strauman, T. J., & Wonderlich, S. (2019). Self-discrepancy theory as a transdiagnostic framework: A meta-analysis of self-discrepancy and psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 145(4), 372–389. https://doi-org.bibliotecauned.idm.oclc.org/10.1037/bul0000186
  • Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society. University of Chicago Press.
  • Neimeyer, R. A. (2009). Personal meaning, identity development, and the existential challenges of life. In S. J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, V. L. Vignoles (Eds.), Handbook of identity theory and research (pp. 231-251). Springer.
  • Ohmori, N. (2008). Influence of state anxiety of subjects about to undergo MRI by information of contraindication and prohibition: Examination based on the Self-discrepancy theory and the Uncertainty orientation theory. Japanese Journal of Health Psychology, 21(2), 23–32. https://doi-org.bibliotecauned.idm.oclc.org/10.11560/jahp.21.2_23
  • Robins, G., y Boldero, J. (2003). Relational discrepancy theory: The implications of self-discrepancy theory for dyadic relationships and for the emergence of social structure. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7(1), 56–74. https://doi-org.bibliotecauned.idm.oclc.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0701_4
  • Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Ruan, X., y Toom, A. (2022). Exploring Female EFL Teachers’ Professional Agency for Their Sustainable Career Development in China: A Self-Discrepancy Theory Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 906727. https://doi-org.bibliotecauned.idm.oclc.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.906727
  • Sedikides, C., Strube, M. J., y Rudich, E. A. (1997). Assessment of the discrepancy between self and ideal self in the domains of health and academics: Evidence for a domain-specific discrepancy. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 16(3), 283-304.
  • Sedikides, C., y Gregg, A. P. (2003). Portraits of the self. En M. Leary y J. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 158-183). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Swann, W. B., Chang-Schneider, C., y McClarty, K. L. (2007). Do people's self-views matter? Self-concept and self-esteem in everyday life. American Psychologist, 62(2), 84-94
  • Vignoles, V. L., Regalia, C., Manzi, C., Golledge, J., y Scabini, E. (2006). Beyond self-esteem: Influence of multiple motives on identity construction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(2), 308-333.
  • Tucker, D. R. (2020). Self-discrepancy theory: Assessing eating disorder risk of college athletes [ProQuest Information & Learning]. In Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering (Vol. 81, Issue 3–B).
  • Western, D. y Heim, A. (2003). Disturbances of self and identity in personality disorders. En M.R. Leary & J.P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 643 - 664). Guilford.
  • Wilson, K. M. (2013). Identification with media celebrities: A self-discrepancy theory based examination of actual, ideal and ought identification [ProQuest Information & Learning]. In Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences (Vol. 74, Issue 4–A(E)).
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet